Mbiri Yachidule ya Investment Casting

Lero m'nkhaniyi tiyesera kufotokoza mwachidule mbiri yandondomeko yopangira ndalama. Monga njira zakale koma zatsopano zoponyera, kutulutsa kwachuma kudayamba ngati ukadaulo watsopano umakwezedwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha luso lamakono, kuponyera zipangizo ndi makina, ngakhale ndondomeko zofunika ndi pafupifupi chimodzimodzi monga ntchito zaka masauzande zapitazo, kuponyera ndalama kukhala amakono kwambiri ndipo castings ndi bwino pamwamba ndi kulolerana zolimba pa mkulu kupanga dzuwa. .

Mbiri yotaya sera idayamba kale zaka masauzande ambiri. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake koyambirira kunali kwa mafano, zodzikongoletsera ndi zodzikongoletsera, pogwiritsa ntchito phula lachilengedwe popanga mapatani, dongo la nkhungu ndi mavuvu ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja powotcha ng'anjo. Zitsanzo zapezeka padziko lonse lapansi m'mafano a Harappan Civilization (2500-2000 BC) ku India, manda aku Egypt a Tutankhamun (1333-1324 BC), Mesopotamia, Aztec ndi Mayan Mexico, ndi chitukuko cha Benin ku Africa komwe ntchitoyi idapanga zojambulajambula zatsatanetsatane. mkuwa, mkuwa ndi golidi.

Zolemba zakale kwambiri zomwe zimafotokoza njira yopangira ndalama (Schedula Diversarum Artium) inalembedwa cha m'ma 1100 AD ndi Theophilus Presbyter, mmonke yemwe adalongosola njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira, kuphatikiza njira yopangira zikopa. Bukhuli linagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wosema ndi osula golide Benvenuto Cellini (1500-1571), yemwe anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mbiri yake momwe adagwiritsira ntchito Perseus ndi Mutu wa Medusa chosema chomwe chili mu Loggia dei Lanzi ku Florence, Italy.

Kuponyera ndalama kunayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga njira yamakono ya mafakitale kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, pamene madokotala anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kupanga korona ndi zoyikapo, monga momwe Dr. D. Philbrook wa Council Bluffs, Iowa anafotokozera mu 1897. William H. Taggart wa ku Chicago, yemwe pepala lake la 1907 linafotokoza za chitukuko chake cha njira. Anapanganso makina opangira phula omwe ali ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri, anapanga ndalama zogulira ndalama, ndipo anapanga makina oponyera mpweya.

M'zaka za m'ma 1940, makamaka Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse idakulitsa kufunikira kwa kupanga mawonekedwe olondola a ukonde ndi ma aloyi apadera omwe sakanapangidwa ndi njira zachikhalidwe zakuponya, kapena kukonza makina ochulukirapo kumafunika. Makampani adasanduka kuyika ndalama. Nkhondo itatha, njira yotaya sera yotayika inafalikira kuzinthu zambiri zamalonda ndi mafakitale zomwe zinagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zovuta kwambiri ndipo zinayamba kulamulira pakupanga zida zamfuti pogwiritsa ntchito teknoloji yatsopano yochepetsera makina ogwira ntchito.

Njira zamakono zopangira ndalama (kutaya sera) zimachokera ku chitukuko ku United Kingdom cha ndondomeko ya zipolopolo zogwiritsa ntchito sera zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndondomeko ya X yogulitsira. Njira imeneyi inathetsa vuto la kuchotsa sera pophimba chigoba chomalizidwa ndi chowuma mu chochotsera nthunzi. Nthunziyo inkalowa mu chigobacho kuti isungunuke ndi kusungunula sera. Izi zakhala zikusintha kwa zaka zambiri kukhala njira yapano yosungunula sera ya namwali mu autoclave kapena ng'anjo.