Tanthauzo
Thekutentha mankhwalandondomeko yachitsulo imatanthawuza kutenthedwa kwapadera, kusungunula ndi kuzizira kwazitsulo panthawi ya kutentha, zomwe zimapangidwa motsatira lamulo la kusintha kwachitsulo pa kutentha ndi kuzizira.
Gulu
Malinga ndi njira zotenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa komanso mawonekedwe ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezeka, njira yochizira kutentha yachitsulo imatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:
(1) Kuchiza wamba kutentha (annealing, normalizing, quenching ndi kutentha)
(2) Kuchiza kutentha kwapamtunda (kuzimitsa pamwamba ndi mankhwala kutentha kwa mankhwala, etc.)
(3) Chithandizo chapadera cha kutentha (mawonekedwe a kutentha kwa maginito, maginito kutentha kutentha, etc.).
Malingana ndi malo ndi udindo wa chithandizo cha kutentha pakuyenda kwa magawo, chithandizo cha kutentha chikhoza kugawidwa mu:
(1) Chithandizo choyambirira cha kutentha, makamaka annealing, normalizing, etc.
(2) Final kutentha mankhwala, makamaka quenching, tempering, etc.
Annealing ndi normalizing zitsulo
Annealing
Njira yochizira kutentha kwa chitsulo chotenthetsera chokhala ndi mawonekedwe opatuka kuchokera kumtunda wofanana kupita ku kutentha koyenera,
Kuyiteteza kwa nthawi inayake, kenako kuziziritsa pang'onopang'ono kuti ipeze kamangidwe kamene kamakhala pafupi ndi chikhalidwe chofanana kumatchedwa annealing.
Cholinga
Chotsani makhiristo owoneka bwino ndi makhiristo osakanikirana, yeretsani njere, chepetsa kuuma, kusintha magwiridwe antchito, ndikupanga kapangidwe kake kukhala kofanana.
Gulu
Pali mitundu yambiri yazitsulo zopangira zitsulo, zomwe zingathe kugawidwa m'magulu awiri malinga ndi kutentha kwa kutentha:
1. Kusintha kwa gawo recrystallization annealing, kuphatikiza annealing wathunthu, osakwanira annealing,
spheroidizing annealing ndi diffusion annealing.
2. Annealing pansi kwambiri kutentha, kuphatikizapo recrystallization annealing ndi nkhawa mpumulo annealing.
Normalizing akhoza kuonedwa ngati njira yapadera ya annealing, ndipo njira yozizira ndi kuziziritsa mpweya.
1 Kuwongolera kwathunthu
Full annealing ndi njira yochizira kutentha yomwe imatenthetsa chitsulo mpaka 30-50 ℃ pamwamba pa kutentha kwa Ac3, imasunga kutentha kwa nthawi yokwanira, imapangitsa kuti nyumbayo ikhale yokhazikika, kenako ndikuyizizira pang'onopang'ono ndi ng'anjo kuti ipeze njira yochizira kutentha pafupi ndi dongosolo la mgwirizano.
Cholinga chake ndi kuyeretsa mbewu, kupanga mawonekedwe ofanana, kuthetsa kupsinjika kwamkati ndi zolakwika zamoto, kuchepetsa kuuma, komanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito komanso kuzizira kwa pulasitiki.
Kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala ndi recrystallization, kumapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zikhale zoyengedwa, yunifolomu ya kapangidwe kake, ndipo mawonekedwe a Widmanstätten ndi mawonekedwe omangidwa amachotsedwa. Pazigawo za forging ndi zogudubuza, kuyika kwathunthu kumakonzedwa pambuyo poti chogwiriracho chikatenthedwa ndi kutenthedwa, ndipo musanadulidwe: pazigawo zowotcherera kapena zoponyera, nthawi zambiri zimakonzedwa pambuyo pakuwotcherera ndi kuthira (kapena pambuyo pa kufalikira kwa annealing).
Kutentha kwa kutentha ndi nthawi Kutentha nthawi zambiri kumakhala 20-30 ℃ pamwamba pa Ac3. Nthawi yogwira annealing imadalira osati nthawi yofunikira kuti chogwiritsira ntchito chiwotche (ndiko kuti, pachimake cha workpiece chimafika pa kutentha kofunikira), komanso nthawi yofunikira pakusintha kwapangidwe. Nthawi yokwanira yogwiritsira ntchito annealing ikugwirizana ndi mankhwala a zitsulo, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa workpiece, mtundu wa zipangizo zotenthetsera, kuchuluka kwa ng'anjo yamoto ndi njira yonyamulira. Kawirikawiri nthawi yotentha imawerengedwa potengera makulidwe abwino a workpiece.
Njira yozizira Kuzirala kwa ng'anjo,carbon steel castings<200 ℃/h, otsikaaloyi zitsulo castings<100 ℃/h, mkulu aloyi zitsulo <50 ℃/h. Kutentha kwa ng'anjo <600 ℃.
Bungwe:Lamellar pearlite
Annealing ndondomeko ya carbon steel castings ndi kuuma pambuyo annealing
| Mpweya wa Mpweya (%) | Annealing Kutentha | kuteteza kutentha | Njira Yozizirira | Kulimba (HB) | |
| Wall makulidwe a castings / mm | nthawi / ola (m) | ||||
| 0.10-0.20 | 910-880 | ＜30 | 1 | ng'anjoyo imazizira mpaka 620 ℃——yoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya | 115-143 |
| 0.20-0.30 | 880-850 | ＜30 | 1 | ng'anjoyo imazizira mpaka 620 ℃——yoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya | 133-156 |
| 0.30-0.40 | 850-820 | ＞30 | Kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa 30 mm, onjezerani ola limodzi | ng'anjoyo imazizira mpaka 620 ℃——yoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya | 143-178 |
| 0.40-0.50 | 820-800 | ＞30 | Kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa 30 mm, onjezerani ola limodzi | ng'anjoyo imazizira mpaka 620 ℃——yoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya | 156-217 |
| 0.50-0.60 | 800-780 | ＞30 | Kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa 30 mm, onjezerani ola limodzi | ng'anjoyo imazizira mpaka 620 ℃——yoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya | 187-230 |
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-13-2024