Kuponya VS Forging

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira kupanga amwambo zitsulo gawo. Iliyonse ili ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zake. Zina mwazinthu zofunika zomwe zimakhudza kusankha njira ndi izi:
- Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunika
- Mapangidwe a gawo lachitsulo
- Zoyenera Kulekerera
- Mafotokozedwe achitsulo
- Kumaliza kwapamwamba kumafunika
- Mtengo wa zida
- Economics ya Machining ndi ndondomeko ndalama
- Zofunikira potumiza

Kuponya
Kuponyera kumapangidwa ndi kuthira kapena kubaya chitsulo chosungunuka mu nkhungu yomwe ili ndi kabowo kokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira azoponya. Njira zopangira zitsulo zimatha kugawidwa ndi mtundu wa nkhungu kapena kukakamiza komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza nkhungu ndi zitsulo zamadzimadzi. Ngati ndi mtundu wa nkhungu, njira yoponyerayo imatha kugawidwa kukhala mchenga, kuponyera ndalama ndi kuponya zitsulo; pamene ngati ndi kukakamizidwa komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza nkhungu, njira yoponyerayo ingagawidwe mu kuponyera mphamvu yokoka, kuponyera kochepa komanso kuponyera kwakukulu.

Zofunika za Casting
Kuponya ndi njira yolimba. Chifukwa chake, ma microstructure amatha kusinthidwa bwino, monga kapangidwe ka tirigu, kusintha kwa gawo ndi mpweya. Komabe, zolakwika monga shrinkage porosity, ming'alu ndi tsankho zimagwirizananso kwambiri ndi kulimba. Zowonongeka izi zingayambitse kutsika kwa makina. Chithandizo chotsatira cha kutentha nthawi zambiri chimafunika kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kotsalira ndikukulitsa zida zamakina.

Ubwino wa Casting:
- Zopangira zazikulu komanso zovuta zoponya zitsulo ndizosavuta.
- Mtengo wokwera kwambiri, mosiyana ndi mzere wodzipangira okha.
- Kusinthasintha kwapangidwe kulipo komanso koyenera.
- Zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zilipo: imvi chitsulo, ductile chitsulo, mpweya chitsulo, aloyi chitsulo,chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zitsulo zotayidwa, mkuwa, mkuwa ndi zinc alloy.

Kuipa kwa Casting:
- Zowonongeka mkati mwa ma castings
- Kuchepa kwa porosity
- Zoyerekeza zachitsulo
- Ming'alu, kung'ambika kotentha, kutsekeka kozizira
- Miyendo, ma oxides
- Kusathamanga, kuchuluka kwa mawu osakwanira
- Zophatikiza
- Imafunika kuwongolera ndi kuyang'anitsitsa ndondomeko (porosity ikhoza kuchitika)
Kupanga
Forging ndi njira yopangira pomwe chitsulo chimapangidwa ndi mapindikidwe apulasitiki pansi pazovuta zazikulu kukhala magawo amphamvu kwambiri. Malingana ndi ngati nkhungu yopangira ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, njira yopangirayi imalowetsedwa m'mafakitale otseguka komanso otseka. Koma ngati ndi kutentha kwa chitsulo chonyezimira ndi aloyi isanapangidwe, njira yopangirayo imatha kugawidwa m'malo ozizira, kuwombera kotentha ndi kufota kotentha.

Zofunika za Forging
Kupanga kapena kuzizira ndi njira zopangira zitsulo. Palibe kusungunuka ndi kukhazikika kotsatira komwe kumakhudzidwa. Kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki kumapanga kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha zowonongeka zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri mkati. Zowonadi, kuuma kwa zovuta kumatheka chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa kusokonezeka ndi zosokoneza zina ndi zotchinga zina (monga malire a tirigu). Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mawonekedwe a makristasi oyambirira (dendrites) amasintha pambuyo pa ntchito yapulasitiki yachitsulo.

Ubwino wa Forging:
- Zabwino zamakina (mphamvu zokolola, ductility, kulimba)
- Kudalirika (kogwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zofunikira)
- Palibe mankhwala azitsulo zamadzimadzi

Kuipa kwa Forging:
- Ifa osakhuta
- Kulephera kufa
- Mawonekedwe amachepa pamene ma undercuts kapena ma cored akufunika
- Mitengo yonse imakhala yokwera kuposa kuponya
- Masitepe angapo nthawi zambiri amafunikira

Tikhoza kusiyanitsa ntchito yotentha ndi yozizira. Hot ntchito ikuchitika pamwamba pa kutentha recrystallization; ozizira-ntchito ikuchitika pansipa. Mu yotentha ntchito kupsyinjika kuumitsa ndi opotoka njere dongosolo kwambiri mofulumira inathetsedwa ndi mapangidwe atsopano kupsyinjika wopanda tirigu chifukwa cha recrystallization. Kufalikira kwachangu pakutentha kogwira ntchito kumathandizira kupanga homogenizing preform. Poyambirira porosity ingathenso kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, pamapeto pake kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu. Zochitika za Metallurgical monga kukhwimitsa ndi kukonzanso ndikofunika chifukwa kusintha kumeneku kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa ductility ndi kulimba pa dziko loponyedwa.

Chinthu chofunika kukumbukira ndi chakuti ubwino wa zipangizo ndi kutentha kutentha kungakhale chinthu chofunika kwambiri kusiyana ndi kusiyana pakati pa kuponyera ndi kupanga nthawi zina.