Chitsulo chachitsulo ndi aloyi yachitsulo-carbon yomwe ili ndi gawo lalikulu la carbon kuposa 2.11%. Chitsulo chotayira chimapezedwa mwa kusungunula chitsulo cha nkhumba mu ng'anjo, kuwonjezera ferroalloy, zitsulo zotayira, ndi kubwerera ku ng'anjoyo kuti asinthe kapangidwe kake.Gray cast ironndi chitsulo cha ductile ndi ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zopangira.
Makalasi achitsulo aku China amawonetsedwa makamaka ndikusiyanitsidwa ndi makina. Gulu loyamba la manambala mu kalasi limasonyeza mphamvu yocheperako (mu MPa), ndipo nambala yachiwiri (ngati ilipo) imasonyeza kutalika kochepa pa nthawi yopuma (%). Maseti awiri a manambala amasiyanitsidwa ndi mzere "-".
Chilembo cha Chingelezi chachitsulo cha imvi ndi HT, kumene H ndi chilembo choyamba cha Chinese Pinyin (Hui Se) kutanthauza imvi; T ndi chilembo choyamba cha Chinese Pinyin (Tie) chachitsulo. Manambala omwe ali m'magiredi otuwa achitsulo aku China amawonetsa mphamvu yocheperako (MPa). Mwachitsanzo, HT250 imayimira chitsulo chotuwa chokhala ndi mphamvu yochepera 250 MPa.
| Kuyerekeza kwa Grey Cast Iron ochokera kumaiko osiyanasiyana | ||||||||||
| Ayi. | China | Japan | USA | ISO | Germany | France | Russia | UK | ||
| GB | JIS | Chithunzi cha ASTM | UNS | DIN | W-Nr. | NF EN | гост | BS | ||
| 1 | Chithunzi cha HT100 | FC100 | GG10 | 0.6010 | EN-GJL-100 | ku10 | Gulu la 100 | |||
| 2 | Chithunzi cha HT150 | FC150 | 150/~No.20 | F11401 | ISO 185/JL/150 | GG15 | 0.6015 | EN-GJL-150 | ku15 | Gawo la 150 |
| 3 | HT200 | FC200 | 200/~No.30 | F12101 | ISO 185/JL/200 | GG20 | 0.6020 | EN-GJL-200 | 18 gawo20 gawo21 | Gawo 180 Gawo 220 |
| 4 | Mtengo wa HT250 | FC250 | 250/~No.35 | F12401 | ISO 185/JL/250 | GG25 | 0.6025 | EN-GJL-250 | ku24 gawo25 | Gawo la 260 |
| 5 | Mtengo wa HT300 | FC300 | 300/~No.45 | F13101 | ISO 185/JL/300 | GG30 | 0.6030 | EN-GJL-300 | ku30 | Gawo la 300 |
| 6 | Mtengo wa HT350 | FC350 | 350/~No.50 | F13501 | ISO 185/JL/350 | GG35 | 0.6035 | EN-GJL-350 | ku35 | Gawo la 350 |
The English letter code ofductile ironndi QT, pomwe Q ndi chilembo choyamba cha Chinese Pinyin (Qiumo) cha Chinese spheroidal graphite; T ndi chilembo choyamba cha Chinese Pinyin (Tie) chachitsulo. Pali magawo awiri a manambala m'makalasi achitsulo aku China. Seti yoyamba ya manambala imayimira mphamvu yocheperako (MPa), ndipo seti yachiwiri ya manambala imayimira kutalika pambuyo pakusweka (%). Maseti awiri a manambala amasiyanitsidwa ndi mzere "-". Mwachitsanzo, QT400-18 imayimira chitsulo cha ductile chokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa za 480 MPa ndi kutalika kwa 18%.
| Ductile Iron Grade ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana | ||||||||||
| Ayi. | China | Japan | USA | ISO | Chijeremani | France | Dziko la Russia | UK BS | ||
| GB | JIS | Chithunzi cha ASTM | UNS | DIN | W-Nr. | NF | ||||
| 1 | FCD350-22 | - | - | 350-22 | - | - | - | Bc35 | 350/22 | |
| 2 | QT400-15 | FCD400-15 | - | - | 400-15 | GGG-40 | 0.7040 | EN-GJS-400-15 | Bc40 | 370/17 |
| 3 | QT400-18 | FCD400-18 | 60-40-18 | F32800 | 400-18 | - | - | EN-GJS-400-18 | - | 400/18 |
| 4 | Chithunzi cha QT450-10 | FCD450-10 | 65-45-12 | F33100 | 450-10 | - | - | EN-GJS-450-10 | Bc45 | 450/10 |
| 5 | QT500-7 | FCD500-7 | 80-55-6 | F33800 | 500-7 | GGG-50 | 0.7050 | EN-GJS-500-7 | Bc50 | 500/7 |
| 6 | Chithunzi cha QT600-3 | FCD600-3 | ≈80-55-06 ≈100-70-03 | F3300 F34800 | 600-3 | GGG-60 | 0.7060 | EN-GJS-600-3 | Bc60 | 600/3 |
| 7 | QT700-2 | FCD700-2 | 100-70-03 | F34800 | 700-2 | GGG-70 | 0.7070 | EN-GJS-700-2 | Bc70 | 700/2 |
| 8 | QT800-2 | FCD800-2 | 120-90-02 | F36200 | 800-2 | GGG-80 | 0.7080 | EN-GJS-800-2 | Bc80 | 800/2 |
| 8 | Chithunzi cha QT900-2 | 120-90-02 | F36200 | 800-2 | GGG-80 | 0.7080 | EN-GJS-900-2 | ≈BCH100 | 900/2 | |
| Kuyerekeza kwa Iron Gray | Microstructure (Volume Fractions) ((((()) | |||
| China (GB/T 9439) | ISO 185 | ASTM A48/A48M | Mtengo wa EN 1561 | Matrix Structure |
| HT100 (HT10-26) | 100 | Chithunzi cha 20 F11401 | EN-GJL-100 | Pearlite: 30-70％, flakes coarse; Kutalika: 30-70%; Binary Phosphorus Eutectic: ＜7％ |
| HT150 (HT15-33) | 150 | Chithunzi cha 25A F11701 | EN-GJL-150 | Pearlite: 40-90％, ma flakes apakati; Kutalika: 10-60%; Binary Phosphorus Eutectic: ＜7％ |
| HT200 (HT20-40) | 200 | Chithunzi cha 30A F12101 | EN-GJL-200 | Pearlite: ＞95％, ma flakes apakati; Ferrite＜5％; Binary Phosphorus Eutectic ＜4％ |
| HT250 (HT25-47) | 250 | No.35A F12401 No.40A F12801 | EN-GJL-250 | Pearlite: ＞98％ ma flakes apakati; Binary Phosphorus Eutectic: ＜2％ |
| HT300 (HT30-54) | 300 | Chithunzi cha 45A F13301 | EN-GJL-300 | Pearlite: ＞98％ ma flakes apakati; Binary Phosphorus Eutectic: ＜2％ |
| HT350 (HT35-61) | 350 | Chithunzi cha 50A F13501 | EN-GJL-350 | Pearlite: ＞98％ ma flakes apakati; Binary Phosphorus Eutectic: ＜1％ |
| Kuyerekeza kwa Iron kwa Ductile | Chemical Composition ((()) | Matrix Structure | |||||||||
| GB/T 1348-1988 | ASTM A536-84(2004) | EN 1563:-1997 | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Mg | Re | ena | |
| QT400-18 | 60-40-18① F32800 | GJS-400-18 JS1020 | 3.6-3.8 | 2.3-2.7 | ＜0.5 | ＜0.08 | ＜0.025 | 0.03-0.05 | 0.02-0.03 | - | Ferrite wobiriwira |
| QT400-15 | 60-42-10 F32900 | GJS-400-15 JS1030 | 3.5-3.6 | 3.0-3.2 | ＜0.5 | ＜0.07 | ＜0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | - | Ferrite wobiriwira |
| Chithunzi cha QT450-10 | 65-45-12 F33100 | GJS-450-10 JS1040 | 3.4-3.9 | 2.7-3.0 | 0.2-0.5 | ＜0.07 | ＜0.03 | 0.06-0.1 | 0.03-0.1 | - | Ferrite wobiriwira |
| QT500-7 | 70-50-05 | GJS-500-7 JS1050 | 3.6-3.8 | 2.5-2.9 | ＜0.6 | ＜0.08 | ＜0.025 | 0.03-0.05 | 0.03-0.05 | - | Pearlite + Ferrite |
| Chithunzi cha QT600-3 | 80-60-03② F34100 | GJS-600-3 JS1060 | 3.6-3.8 | 2.0-2.4 | 0.5-0.7 | ＜0.08 | ＜0.025 | 0.035-0.05 | 0.025-0.045 | - | Normalized Pearlite |
| QT700-2 | 100-70-03 F34800 | GJS-700-2 JS1070 | 3.7-4.0 | 2.3-2.6 | 0.5-0.8 | ＜0.08 | ＜0.02 | 0.035-0.065 | 0.035-0.065 | Mo0.15-0.4 Cu0.4-0.8 | Sakanizani Microstructure |
| QT800-2 | - | GJS-800-2 JS1080 | 3.7-4.0 | ＜2.5 | ＜0.5 | ＜0.07 | ＜0.03 | - | - | Mo0.39 Cu0.82 | Sakanizani Microstructure |
| Chithunzi cha QT900-2 | 120-90-02 F36200 | GJS-900-2 JS1090 | 3.5-3.7 | 2.7-3.0 | ＜0.5 | ＜0.08 | ＜0.025 | 0.03-0.05 | 0.025-0.045 | Mo0.15-0.25 Cu0.5-0.7 | Lower Bainite |
| ① kuchokera ku ASTM A716-2003. ② kuchokera ku ASTM A476/A476M-2000. | |||||||||||
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-13-2022