Industrial electrocoating ndi njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lapansi potetezazitsulo castingsndi CNC Machining mankhwala kuchokera dzimbiri ndi mapeto abwino. Makasitomala ambiri amafunsa mafunso okhudza chithandizo chapamwamba chazitsulo zachitsulo ndimwatsatanetsatane makina makina. Nkhaniyi idzayang'ana pa njira yokutira ya electrophoretic. Ndikukhulupirira zikhala zothandiza kwa onse othandizana nawo.
Electrocoating ndi njira ❖ kuyanika mmene particles monga inki ndi utomoni inaimitsidwa mu njira electrophoretic amayang'ana kusamuka ndi kuika pamwamba pa imodzi mwa maelekitirodi ntchito kunja magetsi munda. Mfundo yophimba ma electrophoretic inakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1930, koma lusoli linapangidwa ndikupeza ntchito za mafakitale pambuyo pa 1963. Kuphimba kwa electrophoretic ndiyo njira yomangamanga yopangira madzi. Kupaka kwa Electrophoretic kuli ndi mawonekedwe a kusungunuka kwamadzi, kusakhala kawopsedwe, komanso kuwongolera kosavuta. Chifukwa ndi oyenera mankhwala pamwamba pa workpieces conductive (zitsulo castings, mbali machined, forgings, mbali pepala zitsulo ndi kuwotcherera mbali, etc.), ndi electrophoretic ❖ kuyanika ndondomeko wakhala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga magalimoto, zomangira, hardware. , ndi zipangizo zapakhomo.
Mfundo zachikhalidwe
Utomoni womwe uli mu zokutira za cathodic electrophoretic uli ndi magulu oyambira, omwe amapanga mchere pambuyo pochotsa asidi ndikusungunuka m'madzi. Pambuyo mwachindunji panopa umagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi asidi kwambiri zoipa ayoni kusamukira anode, ndi ayoni utomoni ndi pigment particles atakulungidwa ndi iwo kusamukira ku cathode ndi milandu zabwino ndipo waikamo pa cathode. Iyi ndiye mfundo yoyambira yokutira ma electrophoretic (yomwe imadziwika kuti plating). Kupaka kwa Electrophoresis ndizovuta kwambiri zamagetsi zamagetsi, zotsatira zosachepera zinayi za electrophoresis, electrodeposition, electrolysis, ndi electroosmosis zimachitika nthawi imodzi.
Electrophoresis
Pambuyo pa anode ndi cathode mu njira ya colloidal imayendetsedwa, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapita ku cathode (kapena anode) mbali ya gawo lamagetsi, lomwe limatchedwa electrophoresis. Zomwe zili mu njira ya colloidal sizikhala mu mamolekyu ndi ayoni, koma solute yomwazika mumadzimadzi. Chinthucho ndi chachikulu ndipo sichidzalowa m'malo omwazikana.
Electrodeposition
Zochitika za mpweya wolimba kuchokera kumadzi zimatchedwa agglomeration (agglomeration, deposition), yomwe nthawi zambiri imapangidwa pozizira kapena kuyika yankho, ndipo kuyanika kwa electrophoretic kumadalira magetsi. Mu cathodic electrophoretic ❖ kuyanika, zabwino mlandu particles aggregate pa cathode, ndi zoipa mlandu particles (ie ayoni) akaphatikiza pa anode. Pamene zabwino mlandu colloidal particles (utomoni ndi pigment) kufika cathode (gawo lapansi) Pambuyo pamwamba dera (kwambiri zamchere mawonekedwe wosanjikiza), ma elekitironi analandira ndi anachita ndi ayoni hydroxide kukhala madzi-insoluble zinthu, amene waikamo pa cathode ( chojambula chojambula).
Electrolysis
Mu njira yothetsera ma ionic conductivity, anode ndi cathode zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi panopa, anions amakopeka ndi anode, ndipo cations amakopeka ndi cathode, ndipo zimachitika. Anode imapanga kusungunuka kwachitsulo ndi electrolytic oxidation kupanga mpweya, chlorine, ndi zina zotero. Anode ndi electrode yomwe imatha kupanga makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Chitsulocho chimakhala ndi cathode ndipo H + imachepetsedwa kukhala haidrojeni.
Electroosmosis
Pambuyo pa malekezero awiri (cathode ndi anode) a mayankho omwe ali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana olekanitsidwa ndi nembanemba ya semipermeable amalimbikitsidwa, chodabwitsa kuti njira yochepetsetsa yotsika imasunthira ku mbali yowonjezereka imatchedwa electroosmosis. Filimu yokutira yomwe yangoyikidwa pamwamba pa chinthu chokutidwa ndi filimu yowoneka bwino. Pansi pakuchita kosalekeza kwa gawo lamagetsi, madzi omwe ali mu filimu yopaka filimu ya dialysis kuchokera mufilimuyi ndikupita kumalo osambira kuti awononge filimuyo. Izi ndi electroosmosis. Electroosmosis amasintha filimu yokutira ya hydrophilic kukhala filimu yokutira ya hydrophobic, ndipo kutaya madzi m'thupi kumapangitsa kuti filimu yophimbayo ikhale wandiweyani. Utoto wonyowa ukatha kusambira ndi utoto wabwino wa electro-osmosis electrophoretic ukhoza kukhudzidwa osati kumata. Mukhoza muzimutsuka pa kusamba madzi kutsatira chonyowa utoto filimu ndi madzi.
Makhalidwe a Electrocoating
Kanema wa penti wa Electrophoretic ali ndi zabwino zakudzaza, zofanana, zosalala komanso zokutira zosalala. Kulimba, kumamatira, kukana dzimbiri, magwiridwe antchito, komanso kutsekemera kwa filimu ya utoto wa electrophoretic ndizabwinoko kuposa njira zina zokutira.
(1) Utoto wosungunuka m'madzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito, madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sing'anga yosungunuka, yomwe imapulumutsa zosungunulira zambiri za organic, imachepetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa mpweya ndi zoopsa za chilengedwe, imakhala yotetezeka komanso yaukhondo, komanso imapewa ngozi yobisika yamoto;
(2) Kujambula bwino ndikwambiri, kutayika kwa utoto kumakhala kochepa, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito utoto kumatha kufika 90% mpaka 95%;
(3) Makulidwe a filimu yokutira ndi yunifolomu, zomatira zimakhala zolimba, ndipo mawonekedwe opaka ndi abwino. Mbali iliyonse ya workpiece, monga wosanjikiza wamkati, depressions, welds, etc., akhoza kupeza yunifolomu ndi yosalala ❖ kuyanika filimu, amene amathetsa vuto la njira zina ❖ kuyanika kwa workpieces zovuta woboola pakati. Vuto la kujambula;
(4) Kupanga kwachangu kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo zomangamanga zimatha kuzindikira zodziwikiratu komanso mosalekeza, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri kugwira ntchito bwino;
(5) Zipangizozi ndizovuta, ndalama zogulira ndalama ndizokwera kwambiri, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi yaikulu, kutentha kofunikira kuumitsa ndi kuchiritsa ndikwambiri, kasamalidwe ka penti ndi penti ndizovuta, zomangamanga ndizovuta, ndipo kuyeretsa madzi onyansa kumafunika. ;
(6) Utoto wosungunuka m’madzi ndi umene ungagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo mtunduwo sungathe kusinthidwa pamene akuphimba. Kukhazikika kwa utoto sikophweka kuwongolera pambuyo posungira kwa nthawi yayitali.
(7) Zida zokutira za electrophoretic zimakhala zovuta ndipo zamakono zamakono ndizokwera, zomwe zili zoyenera kupanga mtundu wosasunthika.
Zochepa za Electrocoating
(1) Ndikoyenera kokha ❖ kuyanika koyambirira kwa magawo a conductive monga makina azitsulo zachitsulo ndi zitsulo zopanda chitsulo. Zinthu zopanda conductive monga matabwa, pulasitiki, nsalu, ndi zina zotero sizingapangidwe ndi njirayi.
(2) Electrophoretic ❖ kuyanika ndondomeko si koyenera kwa zinthu TACHIMATA wopangidwa ndi zitsulo angapo, ngati electrophoresis makhalidwe ndi osiyana.
(3) Electrophoretic coating process sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zokutira zomwe sizingathe kupirira kutentha kwakukulu.
(4) Kuphimba kwa electrophoretic sikoyenera kuphimba ndi zofunikira zochepa pamtundu. Chophimba cha electrophoretic chamitundu yosiyanasiyana chimayenera kupentidwa m'mizere yosiyanasiyana.
(5) Kupaka kwa electrophoretic sikuvomerezeka pakupanga ma batch ang'onoang'ono (nthawi yokonzanso kusamba ndi miyezi 6), chifukwa kuthamanga kwa kusamba kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, utomoni mu bafa umakalamba ndipo zosungunulira zimasintha. kwambiri. Kusamba sikukhazikika.
Masitepe a Electrocoating
(1) Pokutira zitsulo zamtundu wa electrophoretic, njira yotuluka ndi: kuyeretsa kusanachitike → kutsitsa → kutsuka madzi → kuchotsa dzimbiri → kutsuka madzi → kuchotseratu → kutsuka madzi → phosphating → kuchapa madzi → passivation → zokutira za electrophoretic → pamwamba pa tank Kuyeretsa → kutsuka m'madzi kopitilira muyeso → kuyanika → osalumikizidwa.
(2) Gawo lapansi ndi pretreatment wa chinthu yokutidwa ndi chikoka chachikulu pa electrophoretic zokutira filimu. Zitsulo zoponyera zitsulo nthawi zambiri zimadetsedwa ndi kuphulika kwa mchenga kapena kuwomberedwa, ulusi wa thonje umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa fumbi loyandama pamwamba pa chogwirira ntchito, ndipo sandpaper imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa zotsalira zachitsulo ndi zinyalala zina pamwamba. Pamwamba pazitsulo amathandizidwa ndi degreasing ndi kuchotsa dzimbiri. Zofunikira zapamtunda zikakwera kwambiri, mankhwala a phosphating ndi passivation amafunikira. Zopangira zitsulo zachitsulo ziyenera kukhala phosphated pamaso pa anodic electrophoresis, apo ayi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa filimu ya utoto kudzakhala kosauka. Pochiza phosphating, filimu ya mchere ya zinki ya phosphating nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa, yokhala ndi makulidwe a 1 mpaka 2 μm, ndipo filimu ya phosphate imayenera kukhala ndi makhiristo abwino komanso ofanana.
(3) Mu makina osefera, kusefera koyambirira kumatengedwa, ndipo fyulutayo ndi thumba la mesh. Utoto wa electrophoretic umatengedwa kupita ku fyuluta kudzera pa mpope woyima kuti usefe. Poganizira kusinthasintha kwatsatanetsatane komanso mtundu wa filimu ya utoto, thumba la fyuluta lomwe lili ndi pore kukula kwa 50μm ndilobwino kwambiri. Sizingatheke kukwaniritsa zofunikira za filimu ya utoto, komanso kuthetsa vuto la kutseka kwa thumba la fyuluta.
(4) Kukula kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka electrophoretic kumakhudza mwachindunji kukhazikika kwa kusamba ndi khalidwe la filimu ya utoto. Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa kufalikira kumachepetsa mpweya ndi thovu lamadzi osamba; komabe, kukalamba kwa madzi osamba kumathamanga, kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu kumawonjezeka, ndipo kukhazikika kwa madzi osamba kumakhala koipitsitsa. Ndikoyenera kuwongolera nthawi yozungulira madzi a tanki mpaka 6-8 / h, zomwe sizimangotsimikizira mtundu wa filimu ya utoto, komanso zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito mokhazikika kwamadzi a tanki.
(5) Pamene nthawi yopanga ikuwonjezeka, kusokoneza kwa anode diaphragm kumawonjezeka ndipo mphamvu yogwira ntchito idzachepa. Chifukwa chake, popanga, magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi amayenera kukulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono molingana ndi kutayika kwa voteji kuti alipire kutsika kwamagetsi kwa anode diaphragm.
(6) Dongosolo la ultrafiltration limawongolera kuchuluka kwa ayoni odetsedwa omwe amabweretsedwa ndi chogwirira ntchito kuti atsimikizire kuti zokutira zili bwino. Pogwiritsira ntchito dongosololi, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti pamene dongosololi likugwira ntchito, liyenera kuthamanga mosalekeza ndipo ndiloletsedwa kwambiri kuthamanga kwapakati kuti chigawo cha ultrafiltration chisawume. Utoto wouma ndi pigment zimamamatira ku nembanemba ya ultrafiltration ndipo sizingathe kutsukidwa bwino, zomwe zingakhudze kwambiri kutulutsa kwamadzi ndi moyo wautumiki wa nembanemba ya ultrafiltration. Kuchuluka kwa madzi a ultrafiltration nembanemba kumawonetsa kutsika ndi nthawi yothamanga. Iyenera kutsukidwa kamodzi kwa masiku 30-40 akugwira ntchito mosalekeza kuonetsetsa kuti madzi a ultrafiltration amafunikira pakuwotcha ndi kutsuka kwa ultrafiltration.
(7) Njira yopangira ma electrophoretic ndiyoyenera kupanga mizere yambiri ya msonkhano. Kukonzekera kwa kusamba kwa electrophoresis kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa miyezi itatu. Kasamalidwe ka sayansi kakusamba ndikofunikira kwambiri. Magawo osiyanasiyana akusamba amayesedwa nthawi zonse, ndipo kusamba kumasinthidwa ndikusinthidwa malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso. Nthawi zambiri, magawo amadzimadzi amayezedwa pafupipafupi: kuchuluka kwa pH, zolimba komanso ma conductivity a yankho la electrophoresis, yankho la ultrafiltration ndi ultrafiltration kuyeretsa yankho, anion (anode) polar solution, circulating lotion, ndi deionization kuyeretsa njira kamodzi. tsiku; Base ratio, organic solvent content, ndi labotale yaying'ono kuyesa tanki kawiri pa sabata.
(8) Poyang'anira khalidwe la filimu ya utoto, kufanana ndi makulidwe a filimu ya utoto kuyenera kufufuzidwa kawirikawiri, ndipo maonekedwe sayenera kukhala ndi pinnholes, sagging, peel lalanje, makwinya, etc. Nthawi zonse fufuzani thupi ndi mankhwala. zizindikiro monga kumamatira ndi kukana dzimbiri kwa filimu yokutira. Kuyendera koyendera kumayenderana ndi zomwe wopanga amayendera, ndipo nthawi zambiri gulu lililonse limayenera kuwunikiridwa.
Chithandizo cha Pamwamba Pamaso pa Electrophoresis
Kuchiza pamwamba pa workpiece musanayambe kupaka ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la zokutira la electrophoretic, makamaka lomwe limaphatikizapo kuchotsa mafuta, kuchotsa dzimbiri, kukonza pamwamba, phosphating ndi njira zina. Ubwino wa chithandizo chake sikuti umangokhudza maonekedwe a filimuyo, umachepetsa ntchito zotsutsana ndi kutu, komanso umawononga kukhazikika kwa njira yothetsera utoto. Choncho, pamwamba pa workpiece musanayambe kujambula, pamafunika kukhala opanda madontho a mafuta, zizindikiro za dzimbiri, palibe mankhwala opangira mankhwala ndi phosphating sedimentation, etc., ndipo filimu ya phosphating imakhala ndi makristasi wandiweyani komanso ofanana. Ponena za njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira munthu asanalandire chithandizo, sitidzakambirana payekhapayekha, koma tingopereka mfundo zingapo zofunika kuziganizira:
1) Ngati degreasing ndi dzimbiri sizili zoyera, sizidzangokhudza mapangidwe a phosphating filimu, komanso zimakhudza mphamvu yogwirizanitsa, ntchito yokongoletsera ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa ❖ kuyanika. Filimu ya penti imakonda kuchepa ndi mapini.
2) Phosphating: Cholinga chake ndikupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zomatira komanso zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri za filimu ya electrophoretic. Udindo wake uli motere:
(1) Chifukwa cha zotsatira za thupi ndi mankhwala, kumamatira kwa filimu yokutira organic ku gawo lapansi kumawonjezeka.
(2) Filimu ya phosphating imatembenuza chitsulo pamwamba pa kondakitala wabwino kukhala woyendetsa bwino, potero amalepheretsa mapangidwe a mabatire ang'onoang'ono pamtunda wachitsulo, kuteteza kuti zisawonongeke, ndikuwonjezera kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi kukana kwa madzi. zokutira. Kuonjezera apo, pokha pamaziko a kutsika bwino ndi kuchotseratu, filimu yokhutiritsa ya phosphating ingapangidwe pamtunda woyera, yunifolomu, ndi wopanda mafuta. Kuchokera kumbali iyi, filimu ya phosphating yokha ndiyomwe imadziyang'anira mwachilengedwe komanso yodalirika pa zotsatira za ndondomeko yokonzekera.
3) Kusamba: Ubwino wa kutsuka pagawo lililonse la pretreatment udzakhala ndi chikoka chachikulu pamtundu wa pretreatment yonse ndi filimu ya utoto. The otsiriza deionized madzi kuyeretsa pamaso penti, onetsetsani kuti akudontha madutsidwe wa chinthu TACHIMATA si wamkulu kuposa 30μs/cm. Kuyeretsa sikoyera, monga workpiece:
(1) Asidi otsalira, phosphating mankhwala madzi, flocculation utomoni mu madzi utoto, ndi kuwonongeka kwa bata;
(2) Zotsalira zakunja zakunja (madontho amafuta, fumbi), mabowo ocheperako, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi zolakwika zina mufilimu ya utoto;
(3) Ma electrolyte otsalira ndi mchere amachititsa kuti ma electrolysis achuluke ndikupanga ma pinholes ndi matenda ena.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-17-2021