Muzitsulo zoyambira, chinsinsi chowonetsetsakhalidwe la castingsKupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha ogwira ntchito onse mubizinesi, kulimbikitsa kuyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira ntchito yonse yopanga ma castings, kukhazikika kwa kupanga, kukonza zopanga zachitukuko, ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba wopanga ndi zida momwe mungathere, zokhala ndi zokwanira. njira zowunikira zowunikira bwino pakuwongolera komanso kutulutsa bwino.
Kuyesa kochita bwino kwamakina Kuyesa kokhazikika kwamakina kumachitidwa kutentha kutentha. Zinthu zoyezetsa nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kulimba kwamphamvu, kulimba kwa zokolola, kutalika pambuyo pakuthyoka, kuchepetsa malo, kupatuka, kuyamwa kwamphamvu (kapena kulimba kwamphamvu) ndi kuuma. Kulimba kwamphamvu, mphamvu zokolola, kutalika pambuyo pakusweka, ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa malo amayezedwa pamakina oyesera; kuyamwa kwamphamvu kapena kulimba kwamphamvu kumayezedwa pamakina oyesera zomwe zimachitika; kupatuka ndi kupindika mphamvu zimayesedwa ndi njira zoyeserera zopindika; kuuma kumayesedwa ndi hardness tester.
1. Kulimba Kwambiri
Zitsanzo zolimba za zitsulo zotayidwa zimapangidwa ndi mipiringidzo yoyeserera ya cylindrical single cast kapena mipiringidzo yoyeserera. The awiri a kuponyera kapamwamba mayeso kapamwamba ndi 30 mm, ndipo amatsanuliridwa mu mtanda monga kuponyera mu ofukula kuponyera youma nkhungu mchenga. Kutalika kwa gawo limodzi ndi 20 mm ± 0.5 mm. Pamene mphamvu yopindika ndi kupotoza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuvomereza kwazinthu zamakina a kuponyera, kuyesa kupindika kumatha kuchitidwa, ndipo chitsanzo chopindika chimagwiritsa ntchito mipiringidzo yopanda kanthu yokhala ndi mainchesi 30 mm ± 1mm. Mawonekedwe, kukula ndi mtundu wapamtunda wa zitsanzo zoyeserera zoyeserera, zoyeserera zopindika ndi mipiringidzo yopanda kanthu, kuyesa kolimba ndi njira zoyeserera, zofunikira zamakina oyesera, ndi kuwerengera ndi kukonza zotsatira zoyezera zonse zimagwirizana ndi miyezo yamakampani. .
Njira zoyezera zitsulo ndi ma alloys ena (kuphatikiza kuyeza kwa zoyeserera zamakokedwe, njira zokhomerera, miyeso yoyesera, njira zoyezera magwiridwe antchito, ndi kuzunguliridwa kwa zotsatira zoyesa ndi kukonza, etc.), ndi mitundu ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a zoyeserera zamakomedwe ndi mawonekedwe. , kutalika, kukula, ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba akuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za CBT228-200 "Metallic Material Tensile Test Method at Room Kutentha". Chitsanzo sichiloledwa kukhala ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina, ming'alu, zizindikiro zazikulu za mpeni, kupunduka koonekeratu ndi zolakwika zina zooneka. Mchenga womata, zipsepse, ma burrs ndi zolakwika zina zamnofu ndi zomata pamwamba pa zitsanzo ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Zitsanzo zolimba zimatha kudulidwa kuchokera ku chipika choyesera chimodzi, chomata chotchinga kapena thupi loponyera. Mtundu, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa chipika choyesera chojambulira chimodzi ndi chipika choyezera cholumikizira, malo odulidwa ndi njira yachitsanzo chokhazikika, njira yolumikizirana ndi malo olumikizirana ndi chipika choyeserera ndi thupi loponyera, zidzasankhidwa kapena kuvomerezana ndi wogulitsa. ndi wogula molingana ndi mulingo wotengera . Pamene kuponyera kumafuna chithandizo cha kutentha, chipika choyesera chimodzi chiyenera kutenthedwa mu ng'anjo yofanana ndi kuponyera, ndipo chipika choyezeracho chiyenera kudulidwa pambuyo pa kutentha. Zitsanzo zolimba za zinthu zolimba komanso zolimba monga chitsulo choyera zimatha kukhala ngati zowonera, kapena zoyeserera zomwe zalumikizidwa ndikukonzedwa ndi makina ndi kutentha komwe kumatenthedwa mung'anjo yofanana ndi kuponyedwa. Zitsanzo za mawonekedwe, kukula, zofunikira zamakono ndi ndondomeko ya chithandizo cha kutentha ziyenera kukambidwa ndi mbali zonse ziwiri.
2. Mphamvu Zamphamvu
Kuyesa kwamphamvu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe mphamvu yotengera mphamvu pamene chiwopsezo chimasweka pansi pa katundu wachiwiri. Makina oyesa zotsatira ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za GB/T 3808-2002 "Inspection of Pendulum Impact Testing Machines" ndipo ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi dipatimenti ya dziko la metrology. Zitsanzo zamphamvu zimagawidwa mu V-notch impact samples, U-notch impact samples ndi non-notch impact samples. Chitsulo cha grey cast chimatenga zitsanzo zowoneka bwino za cylindrical, zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mipiringidzo yopanda kanthu yopanda kanthu yokhala ndi mainchesi 30 mm. Mulingo wadzina ndi 420 mm × 120 mm. Njira yoponyera ya bar yoyesera yopanda kanthu, zofunikira zaukadaulo zachitsanzo champhamvu, magawo aukadaulo wamakina oyesera, miyeso ndi njira ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za GB 6296-1986 "Impact Test Method for Gray Cast Iron". Zitsanzo za zinthu zosaoneka bwino komanso zolimba monga chitsulo choyera chitha kusungidwa ngati zitsanzo zopanda kanthu, kapena zitsanzo zosawerengeka zomwe zatsekedwa ndi kukonzedwa ndi makina ndi kutentha komwe kumatenthedwa mung'anjo yomweyi ndi kuponyera. Maonekedwe, kukula ndi zofunikira zaumisiri zachitsanzo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kupezeka ndi kufunikira. Zitsulo zina zotayidwa ndi ma aloyi ndi zofananira zooneka ngati U (zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zitsulo zotayidwa ndi ma alloys okhala ndi notch yayikulu) kapena zowoneka ngati V zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsanzo cha kugunda.
Zitsanzo zooneka ngati U kapena zooneka ngati V zitha kutengedwa kuchokera ku midadada yoyeserera yamtundu umodzi (ndodo), midadada yoyeserera (ndodo) kapena matupi oponya. Sampling malo ndi komwe akupita, mtundu, mawonekedwe, kukula ndi kuponya njira ya single kuponya mayeso chipika (ndodo) ndi Ufumuyo kuponya mayeso chipika (ndodo), ndi njira yolumikizira ndi malo kugwirizana kwa zomata kuponyera chipika (ndodo) ndi kuponyera. Thupi lidzakhazikitsidwa pamaphwando omwe amapereka ndi kufunidwa Miyezo yofananira imasankhidwa kapena kuvomerezedwa. Kwa ma castings omwe amafunikira chithandizo cha kutentha, chipika choyezera cholumikizidwa chidzadulidwa pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha, ndipo chipika chimodzi choyesera (bar) chidzatenthedwa mu ng'anjo yomweyi monga kuponyera. Kukula kodziwikiratu kwa mawonekedwe a V-woboola pakati ndi U-woboola pakati ndi 10mm×10mm×50mm, ndi notch mwadzina: kuya kwa notch yooneka ngati V ndi 2mm; Kuzama kwa notch kwa U ndi 2mm ndi 5mm. Kulekerera kwapang'onopang'ono, kuuma kwapamtunda ndi zina zaukadaulo zoyeserera zoyeserera, mikhalidwe, njira ndi chithandizo chazotsatira zoyeserera zoyeserera ziyenera kutsatira GB/T 229-2007 "Charpy Pendulum Impact Test Method for Metallic Materials" Kagwiridwe kake ka zotsatira zomwe zadulidwa kuchokera pa chipika choyesera chimodzi (ndodo) ndi chipika choyezera cholumikizidwa (ndodo) ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mulingo wolingana woponya kapena mgwirizano wadongosolo. Zofunikira pakuchita kwachiwonetsero cha thupi zidzakambidwa ndi wogulitsa ndi wogula molingana ndi mulingo wofananira.
3. Kuuma
Pali njira ziwiri zodziwika bwino zodziwira kuuma kwa ma castings: Brinell hardness method ndi Rockwell hardness method. Ma alloys olimba komanso osasunthika nthawi zambiri amayezedwa ndi njira ya Rockwell hardness, ndipo ma aloyi ena oponyera nthawi zambiri amayezedwa ndi njira ya Brinell hardness. Kwa ma alloys opangidwa ndi yunifolomu yazitsulo monga zitsulo zotayidwa, pali ubale wina wotembenuka pakati pa kuuma kwa Rockwell, kulimba kwa Brinell ndi mphamvu zamakokedwe. Onani GB/T112-199 "Ferrous Metal Hardness and Strength Conversion Value" ndi GB /T 3771-1983 "Copper alloy hardness and strength conversion value".
Njira ya Brinell hardness imagwiritsa ntchito mpira wa simenti wa carbide wokhala ndi m'mimba mwake kuti iwunikize pamwamba pa chitsanzo ndi mphamvu yoyesera yofananira. Pambuyo pa nthawi yodziwika yogwira, chotsani mphamvu yoyesera, yesani kukula kwa indentation pamwamba pa chitsanzo, ndi kugawa mphamvu yoyesera ndi mphamvu yoyesera. The quotient yomwe imachokera kumalo ozungulira a indentation imayimira mtengo wa Brinell kuuma, ndipo chizindikiro ndi HBW, chomwe chili choyenera kwa zipangizo zomwe zimakhala ndi Brinell hardness mtengo wocheperapo kapena wofanana ndi 650. Zida, zitsanzo, njira zoyesera ndi zotsatira zoyesa. Mayeso a Brinell hardness adzagwirizana ndi GB/T 231.1-2002 "Metal Brinell Hardness Part I: "Mayeso Njira". Mayeso a kuuma kwa Brinell atha kuchitidwa pazitsanzo zolimba, zoyeserera kapena zoyesa mwapadera zoyezera kuuma kwake, kopanda sikelo ndi dothi lakunja kapena kukambitsirana ndi wogulitsa ndi wogula The Rockwell hardness njira ndi kukanikiza diamondi cone indenter kapena chitsulo indenter pamwamba chitsanzo pansi pa zochita za diamondi cone indenter. katundu woyambirira ndi katundu wonse (wofanana ndi katundu woyamba kuphatikizapo katundu wamkulu), ndiyeno chotsani katundu wamkulu, ndi kuyeza pa katundu woyamba. Kuzama kwa indentation pansi pa katundu kumawonjezera mtengo wa e, ndipo mtengo wa e umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera kuuma kwa Rockwell.
Kulimba kwa Rockwell kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi sikelo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi HRA, HRB ndi HRC. HRB imatengera indenter yachitsulo yokhala ndi kuuma mtengo = 130-c; HRA ndi HRC amatengera cholozera cha diamondi chokhala ndi kuuma mtengo=100-e. Katundu wamkulu wa HRA ndi 490.3N, ndipo muyeso woyezera ndi 60 ~ 85HRA; katundu waukulu wa HRC ndi 1373N, ndipo muyeso ndi 20 ~ 67HRC. Zida, zitsanzo, miyeso yoyesera ndi njira zoyesera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuuma kwa Rockwell, komanso machiritso a zotsatira zoyesedwa ziyenera kutsata GB/T 230.1-2004 "Metal Rockwell Hardness Part 1: Test Method (A, B, C). , D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T Scale)". Kusankhidwa kwa chitsanzo, malo oyesera ndi zofunikira zaumisiri zoyesera pamwamba pa Rockwell hardness test ndizofanana ndi za Brinell hardness test.
Kuphatikiza pa kuuma kwa Brinell ndi kuuma kwa Rockwell, kuuma kwa zitsulo kungathenso kuimiridwa ndi Shore hardness (HS) ndi Vickers hardness (HV). Kuyeza kuuma kwa zitsulo za m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za GB/T 4341-2001 "Metal Shore Hardness Method". Kutsimikiza kwa kuuma kwazitsulo za Vickers kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za GB/T 4340.1-1999 "Metal Vickers Hardness Test Part 1: Test Method". Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya oyesa kuuma amayenera kutsimikiziridwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi dipatimenti ya national metrology molingana ndi miyezo yoyenera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-05-2021