Normalizing, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti normalization, ndiyo kutenthetsa workpiece ku Ac3 (Ac imatanthawuza kutentha komaliza kumene ferrite yaulere imasandulika kukhala austenite panthawi yotentha, kawirikawiri kuchokera ku 727 ° C mpaka 912 ° C) kapena Acm (Acm ndi In real Kutentha, mzere wovuta wa kutentha kwa austenitization wathunthu wachitsulo cha hypereutectoid ndi 30 ~ 50 ℃ pamwamba pa 30 ~ 50 ℃ nthawi, ndondomeko kutentha zitsulo amachotsedwa mu ng'anjo ndi utakhazikika ndi kupopera madzi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kapena kuwomba mpweya Cholinga chake ndi kupanga yunifolomu ya tirigu ndi carbide kugawa yunifolomu pang'ono mofulumira kuposa annealing kuzirala mlingo, kotero dongosolo normalizing ndi bwino kuposa annealing dongosolo, ndi mawotchi katundu ndi bwino Komanso, kuzirala kunja kwa normalizing ng'anjo satenga zida, ndipo zokolola ndizokwera kwambiri, choncho, normalizing imagwiritsidwa ntchito momwe zingathere kuti m'malo mwa annealing papangidwe. Pamapangidwe ofunikira okhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, kutentha kwambiri (550-650 ° C) kumafunika pambuyo pokhazikika. Cholinga cha kutentha kwakukulu ndikuchotsa kupsinjika komwe kumachitika panthawi yozizirira ndikuwongolera kulimba ndi pulasitiki. Pambuyo normalizing mankhwala a mbale otsika aloyi otentha adagulung'undisa zitsulo, otsika aloyi zitsulo forgings ndi castings, mabuku mawotchi zimatha zipangizo akhoza bwino kwambiri, ndi ntchito kudula nawonso bwino.
① Kukhazikika komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsulo chochepa cha carbon, kuuma pambuyo pokhazikika kumakhala kokwera pang'ono kuposa kutsekera, komanso kulimba kwake kulinso kwabwino. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pretreatment kwa kudula.
② Normalization yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsulo chapakati cha kaboni, imatha m'malo mwa kuzimitsa ndi kutenthetsa (kuzimitsa + kutentha kutentha kwambiri) ngati chithandizo chomaliza cha kutentha, kapena ngati chithandizo choyambirira chisanazimitsidwe pamwamba ndi kutenthetsa kolowera.
③ Normalization ntchito chida chitsulo, kubala zitsulo, carburized zitsulo, etc., akhoza kuchepetsa kapena ziletsa mapangidwe carbides maukonde, kuti apeze dongosolo bwino chofunika spheroidizing annealing.
④ Kukhazikika komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo, kumatha kuwongolera momwe amapangira ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
⑤ Kukhazikika komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zazikulu, kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yomaliza yochizira kutentha, kuti mupewe chizolowezi chokulirapo pakuzimitsa.
⑥ Kukhazikika komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsulo cha ductile kuti chiwongolere kuuma, kulimba, komanso kukana kuvala, monga kupanga zida zofunika monga ma crankshaft ndi ndodo zolumikizira zamagalimoto, mathirakitala, ndi injini za dizilo.
⑦ The normalizing ndondomeko ikuchitika pamaso spheroidizing annealing wa hypereutectoid zitsulo, amene angathe kuthetsa maukonde sekondale cementite kuonetsetsa kuti cementite onse spheroidized pa spheroidizing annealing.
Kapangidwe pambuyo pokhazikika: Chitsulo cha Hypoeutectoid ndi ferrite + pearlite, chitsulo cha eutectoid ndi pearlite, chitsulo cha hypereutectoid ndi pearlite + yachiwiri cementite, ndipo sichipitirira.
Normalizing makamaka ntchito zitsulo workpieces. Chitsulo chokhazikika chimakhala chofanana ndi chowotcha, koma chiwongolero chozizira chimakhala chokwera kwambiri ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi abwino. Zitsulo zina zokhala ndi kuzizira kotsika kwambiri zimatha kusintha austenite kukhala martensite ikazizira mumlengalenga. Izi mankhwala si normalizing, koma amatchedwa mpweya quenching. Mosiyana ndi izi, zina zazikuluzikulu zogwirira ntchito zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi chiwongoladzanja chachikulu chozizira sizingathe kupeza martensite ngakhale zitazimitsidwa m'madzi, ndipo zotsatira zozimitsa zimakhala pafupi ndi normalizing. Kuuma kwachitsulo pambuyo pa normalizing ndipamwamba kuposa annealing. Pamene normalizing, si koyenera kuziziritsa workpiece ndi ng'anjo ngati annealing. Ng'anjoyo imatenga nthawi yochepa ndipo kupanga bwino kumakhala kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, normalizing imagwiritsidwa ntchito momwe mungathere m'malo mwa annealing popanga. Pakuti otsika mpweya zitsulo ndi zili mpweya zosakwana 0,25%, kuuma akwaniritsa pambuyo normalizing ndi zolimbitsa, amene ndi yabwino kwambiri kudula kuposa annealing, ndi normalizing zambiri ntchito kukonzekera kudula ndi ntchito. Pakuti sing'anga mpweya zitsulo ndi zili mpweya zili 0,25 kuti 0,5%, angathenso kukwaniritsa zofunika kudula pambuyo normalizing. Kwa magawo opepuka opangidwa ndi chitsulo chamtunduwu, normalizing ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chithandizo chomaliza cha kutentha. Normalizing wa mkulu-mpweya mpweya chida zitsulo ndi kubala zitsulo ndi kuthetsa maukonde carbides mu bungwe ndi kukonzekera bungwe spheroidizing annealing.
Pakuti chomaliza kutentha mankhwala a zigawo wamba structural, popeza workpiece normalized ali bwino mabuku mawotchi katundu kuposa annealed boma, normalizing angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chomaliza kutentha mankhwala kwa mbali zina wamba structural kuti si anatsindika ndi otsika ntchito zofunika kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa njira, Sungani mphamvu ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito. Kuphatikiza apo, pazigawo zina zazikulu kapena zovuta, kuzimitsa kuli pachiwopsezo chosweka, kukhazikika nthawi zambiri kumatha kulowa m'malo mwa kuzimitsa ndi kutentha ngati chithandizo chomaliza cha kutentha.
Kuti muwongolere zitsulo zokhala ndi zida zabwino zamakina, pali zilengezo zingapo pakusintha kutentha kwamankhwala.
1. Pangani Malo Oyenera a Zoponyera Zitsulo M'ng'anjo
Pa normalizing mankhwala, ndi castings zitsulo ayenera anakonza ena udindo. Iwo sangakhoze kupezeka mwachisawawa. A malo abwino pa normalizing akhoza kupanga madera a zitsulo chuma castings kutentha ankachitira homogeneously.
2. Ganizirani za Makulidwe Osiyanasiyana ndi Makulidwe Akhoma Musanatenthe
Kwa zitsulo zokhala ndi mawonekedwe aatali kapena zowonda kwambiri, ndi bwino kuziyika bwino kuti zipewe zolakwika. Ngati zitsulo zokhala ndi gawo laling'ono komanso pamwamba pa gawo lalikulu zikutenthedwa mung'anjo yomweyi, zoponyera ndi kagawo kakang'ono ziyenera kuikidwa kutsogolo kwa uvuni. Pazitsulo zovuta zachitsulo, makamaka kwa omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe opanda kanthu, ndibwino kuti mutenthetsedwe kaye kaye ndikuwonjezera kutentha pang'onopang'ono. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mupewe zovuta zomwe zimasiyidwa muzitsulo zachitsulo zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kutentha kwachangu.
3. Kuziziritsa Pambuyo Normalization
Pambuyo normalizing, castings zitsulo ayenera kuikidwa padera pa nthaka youma. Zopangira zotenthetsera sizingapirikitsidwe, kapena kuziyika mu nthaka yonyowa. Izi zidzakhudza kuzizira pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za castings. Kuzizira kwa magawo osiyanasiyana kudzakhudza kuuma kwa madera amenewo.
Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kwa madzi sikuyenera kupitirira 40 ℃. Kutentha kwa mafuta ndi ochepera 80 ℃.
4. Normalizing kwa Castings Osiyana Zitsulo Maphunziro
Ngati kutentha chofunika kwa castings zitsulo ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi ofanana, akhoza kutentha ankachitira mu uvuni umodzi. Kapena, ziyenera kutenthedwa molingana ndi kutentha kofunikira kwa magiredi osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-27-2021