Monga tonse tikudziwa, kupanga ndalama kumapangazoponyandi kulondola mwatsatanetsatane komanso kumaliza kwabwino. Komabe, pakupanga ndondomeko yakuponya ndalama, pali zambiri zomwe zingatheke kuti ziwonongeke zowonongeka. Kutengera luso lathu la uinjiniya komanso zida zapamwamba, titha kupeza njira yopewera zovuta zotere posanthula zomwe zimayambitsa. M'munsimu, tikuwonetsa zolakwika zingapo zodziwika bwino za kuponyera ndi zomwe zimayambitsa ndi njira zopewera. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi ndiyothandiza kwa makasitomala athu kuti amvetsetse zovutazo komanso kwa anzathu, kusanthula uku kungakuthandizeni kupewa zolakwika zomwe zingachitike.
Chotchinga chozizira komanso chozizira
1. Kufotokozera kwavuto:
Undercasting nthawi zambiri amasowa nyama kwanuko mu khoma woonda wa kuponyera kapena kutali ndi wothamanga wamkati, ndipo m'mphepete mwake ndi arc-woboola pakati. Kugawa kozizira ndikuti zingwe ziwiri zachitsulo chosungunuka sizimasakanikirana ndipo pali zolumikizira zoonekeratu.
2. Chifukwa:
1) Low chitsulo chosungunuka kuthira kutentha ndi nkhungu kutentha
2) Kuthamanga kothira kumachedwa kapena kukhazikika kothamanga sikumveka, kutuluka kwachitsulo ndikotalika kwambiri
3) Makulidwe a khoma la kuponyera ndi woonda kwambiri, ndipo kutuluka kwa chitsulo chosungunuka kumakhala koipa
4) Dulani panthawi yothira
3. Njira zopewera:
1) Wonjezerani kutentha kwachitsulo chosungunuka ndi kutentha kwa nkhungu
2) Wonjezerani kuthamanga kapena kuonjezera chiwerengero kapena dera la wothamanga wamkati kuti muchepetse kutuluka kwachitsulo chosungunuka.
3) Wonjezerani mutu woponderezedwa wa chokwera chothira kuti musadulidwe panthawi yothira
Kuchepa
1. Kufotokozera vuto:
Itha kupezeka kokha pakuwunika kwa X-ray. Kutsika kwapamwamba kumatha kupezeka ndi fluorescence kapena kuyang'anira ma staining. Pazovuta kwambiri, zimatha kupezeka pambuyo pakuwomba mchenga.
2. Chifukwa:
1) Mapangidwe oponyera ndi osamveka, ndipo malo otentha ndi ochuluka kapena aakulu kwambiri
2) Kutentha kwa mpweya wothira ndi kochepa, komwe kumalephera kupanga sequential solidification, kapena mutu wopanikizika ndi wochepa, womwe umachepetsa mphamvu yodyetsa.
3) Kutentha kwa nkhungu kumakhala kochepa, kuzizira kumathamanga, ndipo njira yodyetsera imatsekedwa
3. Njira zopewera:
1) Sinthani mawonekedwe oponya ndikuchepetsa malo otentha
2) Khazikitsani chokwera bwino, kapena onjezerani nthiti yodyetsa yomwe ingachotsedwe ndi njira zopangira, onjezerani mutu wopanikizika, kutindalama castingsakhoza kulimbitsa sequentially pansi pa zochita za mutu wina wopanikizika
3) Wonjezerani moyenerera kutentha kothira ndi kutentha kwa nkhungu kuti muchepetse kuzizira
Hot crack
1. Kufotokozera kwavuto:
Ming'alu yosakhazikika ya intergranular imapangidwa pamwamba kapena mkati, ndipo pamwamba ndi oxidized. Itha kuwonedwa pambuyo poyeretsa mchenga kwambiri, ndipo kungoyang'ana pang'ono kapena kuyang'ana kolowera kungapezeke.
2. Zoyambitsa:
1) Zimakhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka aloyi, zomwe zili mu kaboni ndi silicon ndizokwera, kutentha kwa gawo lolimba lamadzi ndi lalikulu, ndipo kusweka kotentha ndikosavuta.
2) Kutentha kotsika kwa nkhungu, kusakhazikika bwino komanso kuzizira kwachangu
3) Makulidwe a kuponyera kumasiyana kwambiri, ndipo fillet yosinthira ndi yaying'ono kwambiri
3. Njira zopewera:
1) Kwa ma alloys kapena zitsulo zomwe zimakhala ndi ming'alu yotentha, zomwe zili ndi kaboni ndi silicon ziyenera kuwongoleredwa momwe zingathere mpaka malire apakati ndi otsika.
2) Wonjezerani kutentha kwa nkhungu pakutsanulira, kuchepetsa kuzizira kwa kuponyera, kapena kuchepetsa mphamvu ya chipolopolo cha nkhungu.
3) Onjezani nthiti zotsutsana ndi kukwapula pamalumikizidwe a makulidwe a ma castings, kapena onjezerani zingwe zosinthira
Cold Crack
Dzina ndi Makhalidwe:
Pali ming'alu yodutsa mosalekeza pakuponya. Pamalo onyezimira kapena oxidized pang'ono amawonekera pothyoka.
Zoyambitsa
1. Panthawi yozizira ya kuponyera, shrinkage imalephereka, zomwe zimabweretsa kupsinjika kwa kutentha ndi kupsinjika kwa gawo, ndipo zovutazi zimaposa mphamvu zazinthu zomwe zili muzotanuka ndikupangitsa kupasuka.
2. Poyeretsa chipolopolo, kudula chipata, chokwera kapena panthawi yokonza, kuponyera ndi kupanikizika kotsalira kumayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yakunja kuti iwonongeke.
Njira Zopewera
1. Onjezani nthiti zowuma pa ming'alu yozizira kuti muchepetse kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwewo, potero kuchepetsa kukana kwa shrinkage ndikuponya kupsinjika.
2. Pomaliza kuponyera, pewani kukhudzidwa kwakukulu pakati pa ma castings.
Bowolo
Dzina ndi Makhalidwe
Pali mabowo owoneka bwino kapena osawoneka bwino okhala ndi malo osalala amkati pakuponya.
Zoyambitsa
1. Kusakwanira kwa mpweya wa chipolopolo cha nkhungu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wochuluka kwambiri kuti utuluke panthawi yothira.
2. Kuwotcha kosakwanira kwa mawonekedwe a chipolopolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchotsedwa kosakwanira kwa zotsalira za nkhungu ndi zinthu zomwe zimapanga mpweya mu chipolopolo.
3. Mpweya wamadzimadzi wachitsulo ndi wochuluka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke.
4. Kuyika kwa dongosolo la kuthira ndi kosamveka, kumapangitsa kuti gasi laumunthu lilowe nawo pakutsanulira.
Njira Zopewera
1. Sinthani mpweya wa chipolopolo ndikuwonjezera mpweya ngati kuli kofunikira.
2. Chipolopolo chowotchedwa kwathunthu.
3. Kupititsa patsogolo njira zochepetsera thupi.
4. Kupititsa patsogolo njira yolowera.
Kuponya Pitting
Dzina ndi Makhalidwe
Pamwamba pake pali maenje owoneka ngati madontho.
Zoyambitsa
1. Pamene ethyl silicate imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati binder, hydrolyzate yosakwanira imakhala yophimba, chinyezi chamkati chamkati chimakhala chochepa kwambiri, kotero kuti hydrolyzate sichikhoza kupitirira hydrolyzed, ndipo "chisanu choyera" chimayamba pambuyo powotcha.
2. Galasi lamadzi likagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomangira, mchere wotsalira mu chigobacho umakhudzidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunuka kupanga dzenje.
3. Chitsulo chosungunuka sichimachotsedwa bwino kapena slag sichitsukidwa pogogoda.
Njira Zopewera:
1. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ethyl silicate ngati chomangira, onjezerani moyenerera kuchuluka kwa madzi owonjezera ndikuwonjezera chinyezi chamtundu wa situdiyo ya utoto kuti muchepetse otsalira osakwanira ma hydrolysates.
2. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito galasi lamadzi ngati chomangira, yeretsani chipolopolocho ndi madzi acidified mutachotsa phula.
3. Sinthani ❖ kuyanika pamwamba kukhala silika sol monga binder.
4. Pakusungunula, limbitsani deoxidation ndi kuchotsa slag.
Kuponya Subcutaneous Pinhole
Dzina ndi Makhalidwe
Pambuyo popukuta pamwamba pa kuponyedwa, timadontho tating'ono takuda timawonekera. Chodabwitsa ichi nthawi zambiri chimachitika munickel-chromium zosapanga dzimbiril.
Zoyambitsa:
1. Zinthu zobwezerezedwanso zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachitsulo chosungunuka, kapena zinthu zobwezerezedwanso sizinakonzedwe bwino.
2. Panthawi yosungunula, chitsulo chosungunula chimakhala ndi oxidized kapena chitsulo chosungunuka chimatenga mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke.
3. Zonyansa zomwe zili mu chipolopolo ndizokwera kwambiri, kapena chomangira ndi chitsulo chosungunula zimakhala ndi zotsatira za mankhwala.4. Kuyika kosayenera kwa gating system.
Njira Zopewera:
1. Chepetsani kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zobwezerezedwanso, ndipo zobwezerezedwanso ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mchenga ukawombedwa kapena kuwomberedwa.
2. Yang'anirani mosamalitsa njira yosungunulira ndikulimbitsa kutulutsa kwa okosijeni.
3. Gwiritsani ntchito corundum yosakanikirana, mchenga wa zircon ndi silica sol kapena utoto wa ethyl silicate.
4. Yesani kugwiritsa ntchito jekeseni wapansi pothira ndi kuwonjezera mabowo otuluka.
Mchenga Womata
Dzina ndi Makhalidwe
Pali mchenga womata pafupi ndi wothamanga kapena mkati mwa kuponyera, ndipo pamakhala mikwingwirima kapena maenje pambuyo pa kuwomba kwa mchenga.
Zoyambitsa
1. Zonyansa za ufa wotsutsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zowonongeka ndizokwera kwambiri, ndipo zonyansazi zimachita ndi chitsulo chosungunuka kupanga eutectic yotsika yosungunuka.
2. Kutentha kothira ndikwambiri, makamaka magiredi achitsulo omwe ali ndi Al, Ti ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chitsulo pakati pa chitsulo chosungunuka ndi silika.
3. Kukonzekera kwa gating system ndi kosamveka, ndipo zitsulo zambiri zosungunuka zimayenda kupyolera mwa wothamanga wamkati, zomwe zimayambitsa kutentha kwapakati.
Njira Zopewera
1. Gwiritsani ntchito mchenga wachitsulo wa jade kapena zircon m'malo mwa mchenga wa silika, ndipo yesetsani kusagwiritsa ntchito galasi lamadzi ngati chomangira.
2. Moyenera kuchepetsa kutentha kuthira.
3. Onjezani wothamanga wamkati kuti musinthe kutentha ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwapafupi.
Dilatant
Dzina ndi Makhalidwe
Kutupa kwa m'deralo pa ndege yaikulu ya kuponyera, chodabwitsa ichi chikuwonekera kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito galasi lamadzi ngati chomangira.
Zoyambitsa
1. Mapangidwe oponyera ndi osamveka ndipo malo a ndege ndi aakulu kwambiri.
2. Chipolopolocho chimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa pa kutentha kwakukulu ndipo sichikhoza kupirira kupanikizika kwachitsulo chosungunuka.
Njira Zopewera
1. Sinthani kapangidwe kake, yonjezerani nthiti za ndondomeko kapena mabowo mu ndege.
2. Popanga chipolopolocho, gwiritsani ntchito zida za chipolopolo zomwe zili ndi zonyansa zochepa komanso zowonongeka kwambiri, kapena kuonjezera makulidwe a chipolopolo.
Slag
Dzina ndi Makhalidwe
Pali slag kapena zinyalala zina mkati kapena pamwamba pa kuponyera. Kuphatikizika kwamkati kumafunika kuzindikiridwa ndi X-ray kapena kuyendera maginito.
Zoyambitsa
1. Zinthu za slag ndizoonda kwambiri ndipo sizitsukidwa musanagwire.
2. Zinyalala zomwe zinali pampopi wa crucible sizinayeretsedwe musanazikhome ndipo zinabweretsedwa muzitsulo zosungunuka.
3. Poponyera, kusungirako slag sikuli bwino, ndipo slag imalowa m'mimba ndi chitsulo chosungunuka.
Njira Zopewera
1. Sinthani kapangidwe kazinthu za slag musanayambe kugunda kuti muwonjezere kukhuthala kwa zinthu za slag ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuchotsa slag.
2. Yeretsani zinyalala kutsogolo kwa zitsulo kuti musabweretse zonyansa muzitsulo zosungunula mu ladle.
3. Asanachiwombe, chosungunukatayiiyenera kukhazikika bwino kuti slag ikuyandama.
4. Tengani tiyi wothira ladle ndi choyimitsa slag kapena fyuluta ya ceramic.
Decarburization
Dzina ndi makhalidwe
Mpweya wa carbon womwe uli pamwamba pa kuponyera ndi wotsika kuposa wa matrix.
Zoyambitsa
1. Pakuponyera, kutentha kwa chitsulo chosungunuka ndi nkhungu ndipamwamba, ndipo mlingo wokhazikika wa kuponyera ukuchedwa.
2. Kuzama kwa decarburization wosanjikiza kumagwirizana ndi mlengalenga wa malo ozizira a kuponyera. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa oxidizing, ndikowopsa kwambiri kwa decarburization.
Njira Zopewera
1. Moyenera kuchepetsa kutentha kwa kuponyera ndi kutentha kwa nkhungu kuti mufulumizitse kuzizira.
2. Pangani mpweya wochepetsera kuzungulira nkhungu, monga kuwonjezera barium carbonate ndi ufa wa makala ku nkhungu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-22-2021