Solidification Mechanisms
Panthawi yoponyera, kulimba kwa castings kumachitika pamene chitsulo chosungunula chimasintha kuchokera kumadzi kupita kumalo olimba. Izi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:nucleation, kukula kwa dendritic,ndimapangidwe ambewu. Pa nucleation, tinthu tating'ono tolimba timapanga mkati mwachitsulo chamadzimadzi. Ma nuclei awa amakula kukhala ma dendritic, omwe amatuluka ngati mtengo. The chomaliza mbewu dongosolo lazoponyazimatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa dendrites ndi kugwirizana kwawo ndi malo ozizira.
Kukhazikika kwa Ma Aloyi Osiyanasiyana
Ma alloys osiyanasiyana amakhazikika m'njira zapadera, kutengera kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi matenthedwe:
Aluminiyamu Aloyi: Zosakaniza za aluminiyamu nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta komanso zowonda. Kulimbitsa kwawo nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kupanga mapangidwe abwino, osakanikirana. Komabe, ma aloyi a aluminiyamu amatha kutsika pang'onopang'ono komanso kung'ambika kotentha, komwe kumatha kukhudza kuponya.
Iron ndiZida Zachitsulo: Chitsulo chotayira chimalimba ndi mawonekedwe ovuta chifukwa chokhala ndi mpweya wambiri, kupanga ma graphite flakes kapena nodule. Kukhazikika kwazitsulo zazitsulo kumaphatikizapo kupanga ma austenite dendrites, omwe amasandulika kukhala ferrite ndi pearlite pozizira. Mlingo wozizira komanso kapangidwe ka aloyi zimakhudza kwambiri kapangidwe kambewu ndi makina amakina akuponya.
Zida za Copper: Ma aloyi amkuwa, monga mkuwa ndi mkuwa, amalimbitsa ndi chimango kapena chimanga chofanana. Ma alloys awa amatha kupatukana, pomwe zinthu zosiyanasiyana mu aloyi zimalekanitsidwa panthawi yolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyanasiyana kwamapangidwe ndi katundu mkati mwa kuponyera.
Ubale Pakati pa Solidification ndi Casting Quality
Makhalidwe olimba a alloy amakhudza mwachindunji mtundu wa kuponya. Njira yokhazikika yokhazikika komanso yoyendetsedwa bwino ndiyofunikira kuti muchepetse zolakwika monga porosity, tsankho, ndi kung'ambika kotentha. Mwachitsanzo, kuzizira kofulumira kungayambitse kupanga njere zabwino, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamakina za kuponyera. Kumbali ina, kuzizira pang'onopang'ono kungayambitse njere zomata komanso kuwonjezereka kwa chiwopsezo.
Kulimbitsa Nthawi ndi Kuthamanga
The solidification nthawi ndi liwiro amatengera zinthu monga kuponya kukula, mawonekedwe, ndi matenthedwe katundu wa zinthu nkhungu. Nthawi yolimba ndi nthawi yofunikira kuti kuponya konseko kusinthe kuchoka kumadzi kupita ku cholimba, pomwe liwiro lolimba limatanthawuza kuchuluka komwe kusinthaku kumachitika.
Kuthamanga kwachangu kolimba kumatheka kudzera munjira monga kugwiritsa ntchito nkhungu zoziziritsa kukhosi, zomwe zimatulutsa kutentha kuchokera kuchitsulo chosungunuka. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yabwinoko komanso kusinthika kwamakina. Komabe, kuzizira kofulumira kwambiri kungayambitse kupsinjika kwa kutentha ndi kusweka. Chifukwa chake, kukwaniritsa kulinganiza koyenera pakati pa liwiro lolimba ndi mtundu wakuponya ndikofunikira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-11-2024