Chitsulo pamwamba mankhwala ndi njira yokumba kupanga pamwamba wosanjikiza pamwamba pa zitsulo m'munsi zinthu zosiyana ndi makina, thupi ndi mankhwala katundu m'munsi. Cholinga cha chithandizo chapamwamba ndikukwaniritsa kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kuvala, kukongoletsa kapena zofunikira zina zapadera. Popanga zitsulo, njira zathu zochizira pamwamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi: kupukuta kwamakina, chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizo cha kutentha pamwamba, ndi kupopera pamwamba. Kukonzekera kwapamwamba kwazitsulo zazitsulo ndikuyeretsa, kusesa, kupukuta, kupukuta, ndi kutulutsa mpweya pamwamba pa ntchitoyo.
Pali mafotokozedwe awiri a chithandizo chapamwamba. Mmodzi ndi wamba mankhwala pamwamba, zomwe zikuphatikizapo njira zambiri thupi ndi mankhwala kuphatikizapo pretreatment, electroplating, penti, makutidwe ndi okosijeni mankhwala, kupopera mankhwala matenthedwe, etc.; ina ndi yofotokozera mopapatiza chithandizo chapamwamba. Ndiko kuti, kukonza kokha kuphatikizapo sandblasting, kupukuta, ndi zina zotero, zomwe timazitcha kuti chithandizo chisanadze.
| Chithandizo cha Pamwamba | Mapulogalamu |
| Zinc Plating | Aloyi zitsulo castings, mpweya zitsulo castings, mbali zopangidwa ndi ufa zitsulo |
| Electroless Zinc Coating | Electroless Zinc zokutira pazigawo zitsulo |
| Electroless Nickel Plating | Electroless nickel plating pazitsulo, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, aluminiyamu, ndi zida zamkuwa |
| Tin-Zinc Plating | Tin-zinc plating pazitsulo zazitsulo |
| Chromium Plating | Aloyi zitsulo castings, mkuwa zochokera aloyi castings |
| Nickel Plating | Electroless nickel plating pazitsulo, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ndi mbali za aluminiyamu |
| Chrome-Nickel Plating | Zigawo zamkuwa, zigawo zamkuwa |
| Zinc Nickel Plating | Zopangira zitsulo, zopangira zamkuwa, zopangira zamkuwa |
| Copper-Nickel-Chromium Plating | Copper-Nickel-Chromium Plating pazitsulo, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, mbali za aluminiyamu |
| Copper Plating | Kuyika pazigawo zachitsulo |
| Anodizing | Anodizing ndi anodizing molimba pa mbiri ya aluminiyamu, machining ndi kufa kuponya mbali za aluminiyamu |
| Kujambula | Kujambula ndi filimu youma pazitsulo, aluminiyamu, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ndi zitsulo |
| Kuyeretsa Acid | Kuyeretsa asidi poponyera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, magawo otenthetsera kutentha, aloyi wapamwamba kwambiri, aloyi ya aluminiyamu, ndi zigawo za titaniyamu. |
| Passivation | Passivation a mitundu yonse ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri |
| Phosphating | Zinc ndi manganese phosphating ya castings wamba ndi machining zigawo |
| Electrophoresis | Electrophoresis pazigawo zachitsulo |
| Electrolytic polishing | Electrolytic kupukuta pazigawo zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri |
| Kujambula Waya | Zigawo zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri poponyera, kuwotcherera ndi kupanga |
1. Kukonzekera Kwambiri Pamwamba
M'kati processing, zoyendera, yosungirako, etc., pamwamba zitsulo workpieces zambiri oxide sikelo, dzimbiri akamaumba mchenga, kuwotcherera slag, fumbi, mafuta ndi dothi zina. Kuti zokutira zikhale zolimba pamwamba pa workpiece, pamwamba pa workpiece ayenera kutsukidwa pamaso kujambula. Kupanda kutero, sizidzangokhudza mphamvu yogwirizanitsa ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa zokutira ku chitsulo, komanso kupanga zitsulo zoyambira ngakhale zitakutidwa. Ikhoza kupitiriza kuwononga pansi pa chitetezo cha wosanjikiza, kuchititsa kuti zokutira ziwonongeke, zomwe zimakhudza makina ndi moyo wautumiki wa workpiece. Zitha kuwoneka kuti cholinga cha pretreatment pamwamba zitsulo workpieces ndi kupereka gawo lapansi labwino oyenera ❖ kuyanika, kupeza wosanjikiza chitetezo cha khalidwe labwino, ndi kutalikitsa moyo ntchito mankhwala.
2. Kuchiza Kwamakina
Muphatikizepo kupukuta kwawaya wodzigudubuza, kuwomberedwa ndi kuwomba mchenga.
Kupukuta burashi ndiko kuti burashi yopukutira imayendetsedwa ndi galimoto, ndipo burashi yopukutira imazungulira mofulumira pamtunda wapamwamba ndi wapansi wa mzere wopita kumbali yotsutsana ndi kayendedwe kachidutswa kuti chichotse oxide scale. Sikelo ya iron oxide ya brushed imatsukidwa ndi makina ochapira madzi ozizira otsekedwa.
Kuwombera kuwombera ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal kuti ifulumizitse projectile ndikuyiyika ku workpiece kuti ichotse dzimbiri ndi kuyeretsa. Komabe, kuwomberedwa ndi mfuti kumakhala kosavuta kusinthasintha ndipo kumachepetsedwa ndi malo. Ndi khungu pang'ono poyeretsa workpiece, ndipo n'zosavuta kupanga ngodya zakufa pamtunda wamkati wa workpiece umene sungathe kutsukidwa. Kapangidwe ka zida ndizovuta, pali zida zambiri zobvala, makamaka masamba ndi zida zina zimavala mwachangu, kukonza kwa maola ambiri, mtengo wake ndi wokwera, komanso ndalama zanthawi imodzi ndizokulu. Pogwiritsa ntchito kuphulika kwa mfuti pochiza pamwamba, mphamvu yowonongeka ndi yaikulu, ndipo kuyeretsa kumaonekera.
Komabe, mankhwala a woonda mbale workpieces ndi kuwombera peening mosavuta deform workpiece, ndi kuwombera zitsulo kugunda padziko workpiece (kaya kuwombera kuphulika kapena kuwombera peening) kuti deform zitsulo gawo lapansi. Chifukwa ferroferric oxide ndi ferroferric oxide alibe mapulasitiki, amasweka. Pambuyo peeling kutali, mafuta filimu deforms pamodzi ndi zinthu, kotero kuwombera kuphulika ndi kuwombera kuphulika sangathe kuchotsa madontho mafuta pa ntchito chidutswa ndi madontho mafuta. Mwa njira zomwe zilipo kale zochizira zogwirira ntchito, njira yabwino yoyeretsera ndi sandblasting. Sandblasting ndi oyenera kuyeretsa workpiece pamwamba ndi zofunika apamwamba.
3. Chithandizo cha Plasma
Plasma ndi gulu la tinthu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi zabwino komanso tinthu tating'onoting'ono (kuphatikiza ma ion abwino, ma ion negative, ma elekitironi, ma free radicals ndi magulu osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito, ndi zina). Zolipiritsa zabwino ndi zoyipa ndizofanana. Chifukwa chake, amatchedwa plasma, yomwe ndi gawo lachinayi m'mene zinthu zimakhalapo kuwonjezera pa zolimba, zamadzimadzi, ndi mpweya wa plasma. Purosesa ya plasma imapangidwa ndi jenereta ya plasma, payipi yotumizira gasi ndi nozzle ya plasma. Jenereta ya plasma imapanga mphamvu zothamanga kwambiri komanso zothamanga kwambiri muzitsulo zazitsulo zamphuno kuti zilowetsedwe ndikuwongolera kuti apange plasma yotsika kutentha mu kutulutsa kowala, mothandizidwa ndi mpweya woponderezedwa The plasma imapopera pamwamba pa workpiece.
Pamene madzi a m’magazi ndi pamwamba pa chinthu chokonzedwacho akumana, chinthucho chimasintha ndipo zochita za mankhwala zimachitika. Pamwamba pake adatsukidwa, ndipo zonyansa za hydrocarbon monga mafuta ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera zachotsedwa, kapena kuzikika ndi kukhwinyata, kapena kupanga gulu lolimba lolumikizana, kapena kuyambitsa magulu a polar okhala ndi okosijeni (hydroxyl, carboxyl), awa zotsatira za kulimbikitsa kumamatira kwa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zokutira, ndipo wakhala wokometsedwa mu adhesion ndi utoto ntchito. Pansi pa zotsatira zomwezo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a plasma kungathe kupeza malo ochepetsetsa kwambiri, omwe amapindulitsa kumangiriza, kupaka ndi kusindikiza. Palibe chifukwa cha makina ena, mankhwala opangira mankhwala ndi zigawo zina zamphamvu kuti awonjezere kumamatira.
4. Njira ya Electrochemical
Electrochemical surface treatment amagwiritsa ntchito electrode reaction kuti apange zokutira pamwamba pa workpiece, zomwe zimaphatikizapo electroplating ndi anodic oxidation.
Pamene workpiece ndi cathode mu njira electrolyte. Njira yopangira chophimba pamtunda pansi pa zochitika zakunja zimatchedwa electroplating. Chophimbacho chikhoza kukhala chitsulo, aloyi, semiconductor kapena chokhala ndi tinthu tolimba tosiyanasiyana, monga plating yamkuwa, nickel plating, etc.
Ndili mu yankho la electrolyte, chogwirira ntchito ndi anode. Njira yopanga filimu ya oxide pamtunda pansi pa zochitika zakunja zamakono imatchedwa anodization, monga anodization ya aluminium alloy. The makutidwe ndi okosijeni zitsulo zitsulo akhoza kuchitidwa ndi mankhwala kapena electrochemical njira. The mankhwala njira ndi kuika workpiece mu njira oxidizing, ndi kudalira zochita za mankhwala kupanga okusayidi filimu pamwamba pa workpiece, monga bluing zitsulo.
5. Njira Zamankhwala
The pamwamba mankhwala mankhwala njira alibe mphamvu panopa, ndi ntchito mogwirizana mankhwala zinthu kupanga plating wosanjikiza pamwamba pa workpiece. Njira zazikulu ndi mankhwala kutembenuka ❖ kuyanika mankhwala ndi electroless plating.
Mu njira ya electrolyte, zitsulo zogwirira ntchito zilibe ntchito zakunja zakunja, ndipo mankhwala omwe ali mu yankho amalumikizana ndi workpiece kuti apange chophimba pamwamba pake, chomwe chimatchedwa mankhwala otembenuza filimu. Monga bluing, phosphating, passivation, ndi mankhwala amchere a chromium pazitsulo. Mu njira ya electrolyte, pamwamba pa workpiece ndi catalytically chithandizo popanda zotsatira za kunja panopa. Mu yankho, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zinthu za mankhwala, njira yoyika zinthu zina pamwamba pa workpiece kuti ipange zokutira imatchedwa electroless plating, monga electroless nickel, Electroless copper plating, etc.
6. Hot Processing Njira
Njira yotenthetsera yotentha ndiyo kusungunula kapena kufalitsa zinthuzo pa kutentha kwambiri kuti apange zokutira pamwamba pa workpiece. Njira zazikuluzikulu ndi izi:
1) Kupaka Dip Kutentha
Njira yoyika zitsulo zopangira zitsulo muzitsulo zosungunula kuti apange zokutira pamwamba pake zimatchedwa hot-dip plating, monga galvanizing yotentha ndi aluminium yotentha.
2) Kupopera mbewu kwa matenthedwe
The ndondomeko atomizing chitsulo chosungunula ndi kupopera pamwamba pa workpiece kupanga ❖ kuyanika amatchedwa matenthedwe kupopera mankhwala, monga matenthedwe kupopera nthaka nthaka ndi matenthedwe kupopera aluminiyamu.
3) Kupondapo Kwambiri
Njira yowotchera ndi kukanikiza chitsulo chojambulapo pamwamba pa chogwirira ntchito kuti mupange nsanjika yokutira imatchedwa kutentha kupondaponda, monga kutentha kwa aluminium zojambulazo.
4) Chithandizo cha Kutentha kwa Chemical
Njira yomwe workpiece imakhudzana ndi zinthu zamagetsi ndikuwotchedwa, ndipo chinthu china chimalowa pamwamba pa workpiece pa kutentha kwakukulu kumatchedwa mankhwala kutentha kwa mankhwala, monga nitriding ndi carburizing.
7. Electrophoresis
Monga electrode, chogwirira ntchito chimayikidwa mu utoto wosungunuka m'madzi kapena wothira madzi, ndikupanga chigawo ndi electrode ina mu utoto. Pansi pa ntchito ya magetsi, njira yophimba imasiyanitsidwa ndi ma ion a resin, ma cations amasunthira ku cathode, ndipo anions amasunthira ku anode. Ma ion a utomoni awa, pamodzi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta adsorbed, amapangidwa ndi electrophores pamwamba pa workpiece kuti apange zokutira. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa electrophoresis.
8. Kupopera kwa Electrostatic
Pansi pa gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi la DC, tinthu tating'ono ta utoto tokhala ndi ma atomu amawunikiridwa kuti tiwuluke pamalo ogwirira ntchito kuti apeze filimu ya utoto, yomwe imatchedwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-12-2021