Pamaso ife intorduce kuyezetsa makina katundu wakuponya zitsulo, ziyenera kufotokozedwa kuti kuyang'anitsitsa kwabwino kwa kuponyera ndiko malo omalizira kuti ateteze anthu osayenerera kuchoka pafakitale. Chofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti ma castings ali abwino ndikukulitsa kuzindikira kwa ogwira ntchito onse mubizinesi, kulimbikitsa kuyang'anira ndi kasamalidwe kabwino kazinthu zonse zopanga ma castings, kukhazikika kwa kupanga, kukonza zotukuka, ndikutengera ukadaulo wapamwamba wopanga ndi zida. momwe ndingathere, zokhala ndi njira zokwanira zoyendera zogwirira ntchito komanso kutulutsa komaliza.
Kuyesa kochita bwino kwamakina Kuyesa kokhazikika kwamakina kumachitidwa kutentha kutentha. Zinthu zoyezera nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kulimba kwamphamvu, kulimba kwa zokolola, kutalika pambuyo pakuthyoka, kuchepetsa malo, kupatuka, ndi kuyamwa kwamphamvu (kapena kulimba kwamphamvu) ndi kuuma. Kulimba kwamphamvu, mphamvu zokolola, kutalika pambuyo pakusweka, ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa malo amayezedwa pamakina oyesera; kuyamwa kwamphamvu kapena kulimba kwamphamvu kumayezedwa pamakina oyesera zomwe zimachitika; kupatuka ndi kupindika mphamvu zimayesedwa ndi njira zoyeserera zopindika; kuuma kumayesedwa ndi mitundu ya hardness tester.
1. Kuyesedwa kwamphamvu
Zitsanzo zamphamvu zachitsulo chotuwaamapangidwa ndi cylindrical single cast cast test mipiringidzo kapena zomatira zoyeserera. The awiri a kuponyera kapamwamba mayeso kapamwamba ndi 30 mm, ndipo amatsanuliridwa mu mtanda monga kuponyera mu ofukula kuponyera youma nkhungu mchenga. Kutalika kwa gawo lofananirako ndi 20 mm ± 0.5mm. Pamene mphamvu yopindika ndi kupotoza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuvomereza kwazinthu zamakina a kuponyera, kuyesa kupindika kumatha kuchitidwa, ndipo chitsanzo chopindika chimagwiritsa ntchito mipiringidzo yopanda kanthu ndi m'mimba mwake ya 30mm ± 1mm. Mawonekedwe, kukula ndi mtundu wapamtunda wa zitsanzo zoyeserera zoyeserera, zoyeserera zopindika ndi mipiringidzo yopanda kanthu, kuyesa kolimba ndi njira zoyeserera, zofunikira zamakina oyesera, ndi kuwerengera ndi kukonza zotsatira zoyezera zonse zimagwirizana ndi miyezo yamakampani. .
Njira zoyesera zolimba zazitsulo zina zotayidwa ndi ma aloyi (kuphatikiza kuyeza kwa zoyeserera zamakomedwe, njira zotsekera, mitengo yoyesera, njira zoyezera magwiridwe antchito, ndi kuzungulira ndi kukonza zotsatira zoyesa, ndi zina), ndi mitundu ndi magawo am'mbali a zitsanzo zamakokedwe. Mawonekedwe, kutalika kwa geji, kukula, ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba akuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za GBT228 "Metallic Material Tensile Test Method at Room Temperature". Chitsanzo sichiloledwa kukhala ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina, ming'alu, zizindikiro zazikulu za mpeni, kupunduka koonekeratu ndi zolakwika zina zooneka. Mchenga womata, zipsepse, ma burrs ndi zolakwika zina zamnofu ndi zomata pamwamba pa zitsanzo ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Zitsanzo zolimba zimatha kudulidwa kuchokera ku chipika choyesera chimodzi, chomata chotchinga kapena thupi loponyera. Mtundu, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa chipika choyesera chojambulira chimodzi ndi chipika choyezera cholumikizira, malo odulidwa ndi njira yachitsanzo chokhazikika, njira yolumikizirana ndi malo olumikizirana ndi chipika choyeserera ndi thupi loponyera, zidzasankhidwa kapena kuvomerezana ndi wogulitsa. ndi wogula molingana ndi mulingo wotengera . Pamene kuponyera kumafuna chithandizo cha kutentha, chipika choyesera chimodzi chiyenera kutenthedwa mu ng'anjo yofanana ndi kuponyera, ndipo chipika choyezeracho chiyenera kudulidwa pambuyo pa kutentha. Zitsanzo zolimba za zinthu zolimba komanso zolimba monga chitsulo choyera zimatha kukhala ngati zowonera, kapena zoyeserera zomwe zalumikizidwa ndikukonzedwa ndi makina ndi kutentha komwe kumatenthedwa mung'anjo yofanana ndi kuponyedwa. Zitsanzo za mawonekedwe, kukula, zofunikira zamakono ndi ndondomeko ya chithandizo cha kutentha kuti zikambirane ndi mbali zonse ziwiri.
2. Mayeso a Impact
Kuyesa kwamphamvu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe mphamvu yotengera mphamvu pamene chiwopsezo chimasweka pansi pa katundu wachiwiri. Makina oyesa zotsatira ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za GB/T3808-2002 "Inspection of Pendulum Impact Testing Machines" ndipo ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi dipatimenti ya dziko la metrology. Zitsanzo zamphamvu zimagawidwa mu V-notch impact samples, U-notch impact samples ndi non-notch impact samples. Chitsulo cha grey cast chimakhala ndi zitsanzo zowoneka bwino za cylindrical, zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mipiringidzo yopanda kanthu yopanda kanthu yokhala ndi mainchesi 30 mm. Mulingo wadzina ndi 420mm × 120mm. Njira yoponyera ya bar yoyesera yopanda kanthu, zofunikira zaukadaulo zachitsanzo chotsatira, magawo aukadaulo amakina oyesera, miyeso ndi njira ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za GB6296-1986 "Impact Test Method for Gray Cast Iron". Zitsanzo za zinthu zosaoneka bwino komanso zolimba monga chitsulo choyera chitha kusungidwa ngati zitsanzo zopanda kanthu, kapena zitsanzo zosawerengeka zomwe zatsekedwa ndi kukonzedwa ndi makina ndi kutentha komwe kumatenthedwa mung'anjo yomweyi ndi kuponyera. Maonekedwe, kukula ndi zofunikira zaumisiri zachitsanzo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kupezeka ndi kufunikira. Zitsulo zina zotayidwa ndi ma aloyi ndi zofananira zooneka ngati U (zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zitsulo zotayidwa ndi ma alloys okhala ndi notch yayikulu) kapena zowoneka ngati V zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsanzo cha kugunda.
Zitsanzo zooneka ngati U kapena zooneka ngati V zitha kutengedwa kuchokera ku midadada yoyeserera yamtundu umodzi (ndodo), midadada yoyeserera (ndodo) kapena matupi oponya. Sampling malo ndi komwe akupita, mtundu, mawonekedwe, kukula ndi kuponya njira ya single kuponya mayeso chipika (ndodo) ndi Ufumuyo kuponya mayeso chipika (ndodo), ndi njira yolumikizira ndi malo kugwirizana kwa zomata kuponyera chipika (ndodo) ndi kuponyera. Thupi lidzakhazikitsidwa pamaphwando omwe amapereka ndi kufunidwa Miyezo yofananira imasankhidwa kapena kuvomerezedwa. Kwa ma castings omwe amafunikira chithandizo cha kutentha, chipika choyezera cholumikizidwa chidzadulidwa pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha, ndipo chipika chimodzi choyesera (bar) chidzatenthedwa mu ng'anjo yomweyi monga kuponyera. Kukula kwake komwe kumafanana ndi V-woboola pakati ndi U-mawonekedwe a notch kukuya ndi 10mm × 10mm × 50mm, ndi notch mwadzina: kuya kwa notch kwa V ndi 2 mm; Kuzama kwa notch kwa U ndi 2mm ndi 5mm. Kulekerera kwapang'onopang'ono, kuuma kwapamtunda ndi zina zaukadaulo zamayeso oyeserera, mikhalidwe, njira ndi chithandizo cha zotsatira zoyeserera zoyeserera ziyenera kutsatira GB/T229-2007 "Charpy Pendulum Impact Test Method for Metallic Materials" The magwiridwe antchito odulidwa kuchokera pa chipika choyesera chimodzi (ndodo) ndi chipika choyezera cholumikizidwa (ndodo) ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira. wa mulingo wolingana woponya kapena mgwirizano wadongosolo. Zofunikira pakuchita kwachiwonetsero cha thupi zidzakambidwa ndi wogulitsa ndi wogula molingana ndi mulingo wofananira.
3. Mayeso Olimba
Pali njira ziwiri zodziwika bwino zodziwira kuuma kwa ma castings: Brinell hardness (HB) njira ndi Rockwell hardness (HRC). Ma alloys olimba komanso osasunthika nthawi zambiri amayezedwa ndi njira ya Rockwell hardness, ndipo ma aloyi ena oponyera nthawi zambiri amayezedwa ndi njira ya Brinell hardness. Kwa ma alloys opangidwa ndi yunifolomu yazitsulo monga zitsulo zotayidwa, pali ubale wina wotembenuka pakati pa kuuma kwa Rockwell, kulimba kwa Brinell ndi mphamvu zamakokedwe. Onani GB/T112-199 "Ferrous Metal Hardness and Strength Conversion Value" ndi GB /T3771-1983 "Copper alloy hardness and strength conversion value".
Njira ya Brinell hardness imagwiritsa ntchito mpira wa simenti wa carbide wokhala ndi m'mimba mwake kuti iwunikize pamwamba pa chitsanzo ndi mphamvu yoyesera yofananira. Pambuyo pa nthawi yodziwika yogwira, chotsani mphamvu yoyesera, yesani kukula kwa indentation pamwamba pa chitsanzo, ndi kugawa mphamvu yoyesera ndi mphamvu yoyesera. The quotient yomwe imachokera kumalo ozungulira a indentation imayimira mtengo wa Brinell kuuma, ndipo chizindikiro ndi HBW, chomwe chili choyenera kwa zipangizo zomwe zimakhala ndi Brinell hardness mtengo wocheperapo kapena wofanana ndi 650. Zida, zitsanzo, njira zoyesera ndi zotsatira zoyesa. Mayeso a Brinell hardness adzagwirizana ndi GBT231.1-2002 "Metal Brinell Hardness Part I: "Mayeso Njira". Mayeso a kuuma kwa Brinell atha kuchitidwa pazitsanzo zolimba, zoyeserera kapena zoyesa mwapadera zoyezera kuuma kwake, kopanda sikelo ndi dothi lakunja kapena kukambitsirana ndi wogulitsa ndi wogula The Rockwell hardness njira ndi kukanikiza diamondi cone indenter kapena chitsulo indenter pamwamba chitsanzo pansi pa zochita za diamondi cone indenter. katundu woyambirira ndi katundu wonse (wofanana ndi katundu woyamba kuphatikizapo katundu wamkulu), ndiyeno chotsani katundu wamkulu, ndi kuyeza pa katundu woyamba. Kuzama kwa indentation pansi pa katundu kumawonjezera mtengo wa e, ndipo mtengo wa e umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera kuuma kwa Rockwell.
Kulimba kwa Rockwell kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi sikelo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi HRA, HRB ndi HRC. HRB imatengera indenter yachitsulo yokhala ndi kuuma mtengo = 130-c; HRA ndi HRC amatengera cholozera cha diamondi chokhala ndi kuuma mtengo=100-e. Katundu wamkulu wa HRA ndi 490.3 N, ndipo muyeso woyezera ndi 60 ~ 85 HRA; katundu waukulu wa HRC ndi 1373 N, ndipo muyeso ndi 20 ~ 67 HRC. Zida, zitsanzo, miyeso yoyesera ndi njira zoyesera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuuma kwa Rockwell, komanso machiritso a zotsatira zoyesedwa ziyenera kutsata GB/T 230.1-2004 "Metal Rockwell Hardness Part 1: Test Method (A, B, C). , D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T Scale)". Kusankhidwa kwa chitsanzo, malo oyesera ndi zofunikira zaumisiri zoyesera pamwamba pa Rockwell hardness test ndizofanana ndi za Brinell hardness test.
Kuphatikiza pa kuuma kwa Brinell ndi kuuma kwa Rockwell, kuuma kwazitsulo kungathenso kuimiridwa ndi Shore Hardness (HS) ndi Vickers Hardness (HV). Kuyeza kuuma kwa zitsulo za m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za GB/T4341-2001 "Metal Shore Hardness Method". Kutsimikiza kwa kuuma kwazitsulo za Vickers kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za GB/T4340.1-1999 "Metal Vickers Hardness Test Part 1: Test Method". Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya oyesa kuuma amayenera kutsimikiziridwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi dipatimenti ya national metrology molingana ndi miyezo yoyenera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-27-2021