Malinga ndi mlingo wa carbon zili, mpweya zitsulo kwakuponyeranthawi zambiri amagawidwa kukhala chitsulo chochepa cha carbon, sing'anga mpweya chitsulo ndi mkulu mpweya zitsulo. Zitsulo za kaboni zamayiko onse padziko lapansi nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa molingana ndi mphamvu zawo, ndipo magiredi ofanana amapangidwa.
Ponena za mankhwala a carbon steel, kupatulapo phosphorous ndi sulfure, palibe zoletsa kapena malire apamwamba pa zinthu zina za mankhwala. Pansi pa maziko pamwamba, mankhwala zikuchokera kuponyedwa mpweya zitsulo anatsimikiza ndimazikomalinga ndi zofunikira zamakina.
Njira zochizira kutentha zopangira zitsulo za kaboni nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhazikika, zokhazikika kapena zokhazikika + zotentha. Kwa ena apamwamba mpweya zitsulo castings, quenching ndi tempering angagwiritsidwenso ntchito, mwachitsanzo, quenching + mkulu kutentha tempering, kuti patsogolo mabuku mawotchi zimatha castings mpweya zitsulo. Zitsulo zazing'ono za carbon zitsulo zimatha kuzimitsidwa mwachindunji ndi kutenthedwa kuchokera ku dziko la as-cast. Kwa zazikulu kapena zovuta zooneka ngati carbon steel castings, ndi koyenera kuchita quenching ndi kutentha mankhwala pambuyo normalizing mankhwala.
Zotsatira za carbon pa microstructure ndi katundu wa carbon steel
1) Mphamvu ya kaboni pamapangidwe achitsulo cha carbon
Mpweya ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimatsimikizira kapangidwe ka metallographic ndi katundu wachitsulo. M'magulu azitsulo za hypoeutectoid, pamene mpweya wa carbon ukuwonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa ferrite kumachepa ndipo kuchuluka kwa pearlite kumawonjezeka. Mukafika pamapangidwe a eutectoid, onse ndi pearlite. M'magulu a hypereutectoid, pamene mpweya wa carbon ukuwonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa proeutectoid cementite kumawonjezeka ndipo pearlite imachepa.
2) Zotsatira za mpweya pa makina a carbon steel
Mpweya umakhudza mphamvu zamakina a chitsulo cha kaboni pokhudza kuchuluka kwake komanso mawonekedwe agawidwe a gawo lililonse lazapangidwe mu microstructure. Kawirikawiri, pamene mpweya wa carbon ukuwonjezeka, kuuma kwa carbon steel kumawonjezeka, koma mphamvu yake ndi kutalika kwake zidzachepa. Mphamvu zamakokedwe ndi mphamvu zokolola zimayamba kuchulukira kenako ndikuchepera pomwe mpweya wa carbon mu chitsulo cha carbon ukuwonjezeka.
3) Zotsatira za carbon pa kudula ntchito ya carbon steel castings
Chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wochepa chimakhala ndi ferrite yambiri, kuuma kochepa, pulasitiki yabwino, komanso kumamatira mosavuta, kotero kuti kudula kwake kumakhala kosauka. Pali simenti zambiri muzitsulo za carbon high. Pamene cementite imagawidwa mu flake ndi maukonde, chidacho ndi chosavuta kuvala, kotero ntchito yake yodulira imakhala yosauka. Chiŵerengero cha ferrite ndi simenti muzitsulo zamkati za carbon ndizoyenera, kuuma ndi pulasitiki ndizochepa, ndipo ntchito yodula ndi yabwino. Ntchito yodula ndiyo yabwino kwambiri pamene kuuma kwazitsulo zazitsulo ndi 180-230 HBW.
4) Mphamvu ya kaboni pakuchitapo kanthu kwa chitsulo cha carbon
Pa kutentha komweko, fluidity ya chitsulo chosungunuka chokhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za carbon ndi yosiyana. Chifukwa zitsulo zokhala ndi mpweya wosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko mu dendrites. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa nthawi ya crystallization zone (kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa mzere wa liquidus ndi mzere wa solidus), kumapangitsa kuti makristasi a dendritic a carbon steel apangidwe, ndiko kuti, kuwonjezereka kwa chitsulo chosungunuka, chomwe chimayambitsa kuthekera kwachitsulo chosungunuka kudzaza nkhungu.
