CNC Machining Product of Gray Cast Iron

Machining ndi njira yomwe zinthu (nthawi zambiri zitsulo) zimadulidwa kukhala mawonekedwe omaliza omwe amafunidwa ndi kukula kwake ndi njira yoyendetsedwa yochotsa zinthu. Njira zomwe zili ndi mutu wofanana, kuchotsedwa kwazinthu zoyendetsedwa, masiku ano zimadziwika kuti subtractive Production, mosiyana ndi njira zophatikizira zinthu zomwe zimayendetsedwa, zomwe zimadziwika kuti kupanga zowonjezera. Ndendende zomwe gawo la "olamulira" limatanthawuza zimatha kusiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina (kuphatikiza ndi zida zamagetsi ndi zida zamanja).

Machining ndi gawo la kupanga ambirimankhwala achitsulo, koma angagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa zinthu monga matabwa, pulasitiki, ceramic, ndi kompositi. Munthu amene ali katswiri pa makina amatchedwa makina. Chipinda, nyumba, kapena kampani kumene makina amapangidwa amatchedwa makina ogulitsa. Makina ambiri amakono amapangidwa ndi makompyuta owerengera manambala (CNC), momwe makompyuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kayendetsedwe ka mphero, lathes, ndi makina ena odulira. Izi zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito, popeza makina a CNC amayenda mopanda anthu motero amachepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito pamashopu amakina.

Njira zitatu zazikuluzikulu zopangira makina zimagawidwa kukhala kutembenuza, kubowola ndi mphero. Ntchito zina zomwe zikugwera m'magulu osiyanasiyana ndi monga kupanga, kupanga, kusangalatsa, kukumba ndi kucheka.

Ntchito zotembenuza ndi ntchito zomwe zimazungulira chogwirira ntchito ngati njira yoyamba yosunthira zitsulo motsutsana ndi chida chodulira. Lathes ndiye chida chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potembenuza.

Kuchita mphero ndi ntchito zomwe chida chodulira chimazungulira kuti chibweretse m'mphepete kuti chigwirizane ndi chogwirira ntchito. Makina opangira mphero ndiye chida chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogaya.

Ntchito zobowola ndi ntchito zomwe mabowo amapangidwa kapena kuyengedwa pobweretsa chodulira chozungulira chokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa m'munsi kuti chigwirizane ndi chogwirira ntchito. Kubowola kumachitika makamaka mu makina osindikizira koma nthawi zina pa lathes kapena mphero.

Ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito zomwe kwenikweni sizingakhale zopanga makina chifukwa sizingakhale zopanga mawanga koma zimachitidwa pazida zamakina wamba. Kuwotcha ndi chitsanzo cha ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kuwotcha sikutulutsa swarf koma kumatha kuchitidwa pa lathe, mphero, kapena kubowola.

Chogwirira ntchito chosamalizidwa chomwe chimafuna makina opangira makina chiyenera kudulidwa kuti chipangidwe chomaliza. Chopangidwa chomalizidwa chikhoza kukhala chogwirira ntchito chomwe chimakwaniritsa zofunikira zachinthucho ndi zojambula zauinjiniya kapena mapulani. Mwachitsanzo, workpiece ingafunike kukhala ndi mainchesi akunja. Lathe ndi chida cha makina chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga m'mimba mwake mwa kuzungulira chitsulo chogwirira ntchito, kuti chida chodulira chikhoza kudula zitsulo, kupanga chosalala, chozungulira chofanana ndi m'mimba mwake chofunikira ndi mapeto a pamwamba. Kubowola angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa zitsulo mu mawonekedwe a dzenje cylindrical. Zida zina zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochotsa zitsulo zosiyanasiyana ndi makina ophera, macheka, ndi makina opera. Zambiri mwa njira zomwezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matabwa.

Njira zamakono zamakina zimaphatikizapo kulondolaCNC makina, makina otulutsa magetsi (EDM), kukokoloka kwa electrochemical, kudula laser, kapena kudula jeti lamadzi kuti apange zitsulo zogwirira ntchito.

Monga bizinesi, kukonza makina nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'malo ogulitsira makina, omwe amakhala ndi chipinda chimodzi kapena zingapo zokhala ndi zida zazikulu zamakina. Ngakhale malo ogulitsira makina amatha kukhala odziyimira okha, mabizinesi ambiri amakhala ndi malo ogulitsira makina omwe amathandizira zosowa zapadera zabizinesiyo.

Machining amafunikira chidwi pazambiri zambiri kuti chogwirira ntchito chikwaniritse zomwe zafotokozedwa muzojambula zauinjiniya kapena mapulani. Kupatula zovuta zodziwikiratu zokhudzana ndi miyeso yolondola, pali vuto lokwaniritsa kumalizidwa koyenera kapena kusalala kwa pamwamba pa workpiece. Mapeto otsika omwe amapezeka pamakina opangidwa ndi makina amatha chifukwa cha kukakamiza kolakwika, chida chosawoneka bwino, kapena mawonekedwe osayenera a chida. Nthawi zambiri, kutha koyipa kumeneku, komwe kumadziwika kuti chatter, kumawonekera ndi kupendekeka kapena kusakhazikika, komanso mawonekedwe a mafunde pamakina a chogwiriracho.

Machining ndi njira iliyonse yomwe chida chodulira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa tchipisi tating'ono tating'ono kuchokera ku workpiece (ntchitoyo nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "ntchito"). Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, kusuntha kwachibale kumafunika pakati pa chida ndi ntchito. Kuyenda wachibale uku kumatheka mu ntchito machining ambiri mwa njira yoyamba, yotchedwa "kudula liwiro" ndi kayendedwe kachiwiri kotchedwa "chakudya". Maonekedwe a chidacho ndi kulowa kwake kumalo ogwirira ntchito, kuphatikizapo zoyendayenda izi, zimapanga mawonekedwe omwe amafunidwa a ntchitoyo.

Machining ntchito
Pali mitundu yambiri ya machining, iliyonse yomwe imatha kupanga gawo linalake la geometry ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba.

Potembenuza, chida chodulira chokhala ndi nsonga imodzi yodula chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa zinthu kuchokera ku ntchito yozungulira kuti apange mawonekedwe a cylindrical. Kuyenda koyambirira kumaperekedwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa workpiece, ndipo kayendedwe ka chakudya kumatheka mwa kusuntha chida chodulira pang'onopang'ono munjira yofananira ndi nsonga ya kuzungulira kwa workpiece.

Kubowola kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga dzenje lozungulira. Zimatheka ndi chida chozungulira chomwe chimakhala ndi mbali ziwiri kapena zinayi za helical. Chidacho chimadyetsedwa munjira yofananira ndi nsonga yake yozungulira mu workpiece kupanga dzenje lozungulira.

Potopetsa, chida chokhala ndi nsonga yopindika imodzi chimapititsidwa patsogolo kulowa mu dzenje lopangidwa mozungulira kuti likulitse pang'ono dzenjelo ndikuwongolera kulondola kwake. Ndi ntchito yabwino yomaliza yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza kupanga zinthu.

Reaming ndi imodzi mwamagawo omwe amachotsa chitsulo pang'ono pabowo lomwe labowoledwa kale.

Mu mphero, chida chozungulira chokhala ndi mbali zingapo zodulira chimasunthidwa pang'onopang'ono pokhudzana ndi zinthu kuti apange ndege kapena malo owongoka. Mayendedwe a kayendedwe ka chakudya ndi perpendicular kwa axis chida kasinthasintha. Kuyenda kwa liwiro kumaperekedwa ndi chodula chozungulira. Mitundu iwiri yoyambira mphero ndi: Peripheral mphero ndi Face mphero.

Ntchito zina zodziwika bwino zamachining zimaphatikizapo kupanga, kupanga, broaching ndi macheka. Komanso, ntchito yopera ndi yofanana ndi abrasive nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa m'gulu la makina.

Chida chodulira chimakhala ndi nsonga imodzi kapena zingapo zakuthwa ndipo zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala zolimba kuposa zida zogwirira ntchito. Mphepete mwachisawawa imagwira ntchito yolekanitsa chip kuchokera kuzinthu zogwirira ntchito za makolo. Zolumikizidwa ndi m'mphepete mwake pali mbali ziwiri za chida:

Mphepete mwa nkhope ndi mbali.
Nkhope yomwe imayendetsa kayendedwe ka chip chatsopano, imayendetsedwa pa ngodya ina imatchedwa "α". Imayesedwa poyerekezera ndi ndege yomwe imagwira ntchito. Ngongole yake imatha kukhala yabwino kapena yoyipa. Mphepete mwa chidacho imapereka chilolezo pakati pa chidacho ndi malo ogwirira ntchito omwe angopangidwa kumene, motero amateteza pamwamba pa abrasion, zomwe zingawononge mapeto. Mbali imeneyi pakati pa malo ogwirira ntchito ndi mbali yam'mbali imatchedwa mbali ya chithandizo. Pali mitundu iwiri yofunikira ya zida zodulira:

Chida cha mfundo imodzi komanso chida chodula zingapo
Chida chimodzi chimakhala ndi mbali imodzi yodulira ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuza, kutopetsa komanso kukonza. Pa makina, mfundo ya chida amalowa m'munsimu choyambirira ntchito pamwamba pa workpart. Mfundoyi nthawi zina imazunguliridwa kumtunda wina, wotchedwa mphuno.

Zida zodulira kangapo zimakhala ndi malire opitilira imodzi ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakwaniritsa kusuntha kwawo kogwirizana ndi gawo logwirira ntchito pozungulira. Kubowola ndi mphero zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zozungulira zingapo. Ngakhale kuti mawonekedwe a zidazi ndi osiyana ndi chida cha mfundo imodzi, zinthu zambiri za geometry ya zida ndizofanana.