Zopangira zitsulo zosagwira kutentha ndi zigawo zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chosamva kutentha ngati zida zopangira. Pansi pa kutentha kwambiri, zitsulo zokhala ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni, mphamvu zokwanira zotentha komanso kutentha kwabwino zimatchedwa chitsulo chosagwira kutentha. Chitsulo chosagwira kutentha chikhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: chitsulo chosagwira makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi chitsulo chosapanga kutentha molingana ndi katundu wake. Chitsulo cha anti-oxidation chimatchedwanso chitsulo chosapanga khungu. Chitsulo champhamvu chotentha chimatanthawuza chitsulo chomwe chimakhala ndi kukana kwa okosijeni wabwino pa kutentha kwambiri komanso kulimba kwapamwamba kwambiri. Pankhani ya mankhwala omwewo, dziko la as-cast lili ndi mphamvu zotentha kwambiri kuposa momwe zimapangidwira. Zida zachitsulo zosagwira kutentha zimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu m'munda wazitsulo zosagwira kutentha.
Zitsulo zina za alloy zapamwamba zosagwira kutentha zimakhala zovuta kuzikonza ndi kusokoneza. Kupanga ma castings sikungowononga ndalama zambiri kuposa zogubuduza, komanso ma castings ali ndi mphamvu zopirira. Choncho, zitsulo zosagwira kutentha zimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu la zitsulo zosagwira kutentha. Kuphatikiza pa kuponya mchenga, njira zopangira zolondola zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupeza zinthu zokhala ndi malo osalala komanso miyeso yolondola. Kuponyedwa kwa Centrifugal nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ng'anjo yotentha kwambiri pakuphwanyidwa kwa ammonia ndi ethylene.
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka metallographic mu chikhalidwe chokhazikika, zitsulo zosagwira kutentha zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi: chitsulo chosamva kutentha kwa pearlite, chitsulo chosamva kutentha kwa martensitic, chitsulo chosagwira kutentha kwa ferritic, ndi chitsulo cha austenitic chosagwira kutentha.
1. Pearlitic Heat-resistant Cast Steel
Zinthu zophatikizika ndi chitsulo chosagwira kutentha kwa pearlite makamaka chromium ndi molybdenum, ndipo kuchuluka kwake sikudutsa 5%. Kuphatikiza pa pearlite ndi ferrite, kapangidwe kake kamakhalanso ndi bainite. Chitsulo chamtunduwu chimakhala ndi mphamvu zotentha kwambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito pa 500-600 ℃. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mbali zosagwira kutentha m'munsi mwa 600 ℃, monga mapaipi achitsulo chowotchera, ma turbine turbine, ma rotor, zomangira, zotengera zapamwamba, mapaipi, ndi zina zambiri. , 25Cr2Mo1V, 20Cr3MoWV, etc.
The kutentha mankhwala a pearlite zosagwira zitsulo castings makamaka normalized kapena kuzimitsidwa ndi kupsya mtima kuti apeze dongosolo khola, zabwino mabuku mawotchi katundu ndi zofunika mphamvu pansi pa kutentha kwambiri.
2. Martensitic Heat-resistant Cast Steel
Zomwe zili mu chromium muzitsulo zosagwira kutentha za martensitic nthawi zambiri zimakhala 7-13%. Ili ndi mphamvu zotentha kwambiri, kukana kwa okosijeni komanso kukana kwa nthunzi yamadzi pansi pa 650 ℃, koma kutsekemera kwake ndikosavuta. 1Cr13, 2Cr13 munali pafupifupi 12% chromium, ndi makalasi zitsulo zopangidwa pamaziko awa monga 1Cr11MoV, 1Cr12WMoV, 2Cr12WMoNbVB ndi ma aloyi ena kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito kupanga nthunzi chopangira magetsi kuwonjezera masamba, zimbale, shafts, zomangira, 2Cr, 4Cr, 4Cr, 4Cr In9, etc. ndi zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma valve otulutsa mpweya wa injini zoyaka mkati zimakhalanso ndi zitsulo za martensitic zosagwira kutentha.
Njira yodziwika bwino yochizira kutentha kwazitsulo zosagwira kutentha kwa martensitic ndizokhazikika + kutentha.
3. Ferritic Heat-resistant Cast Steel
Chitsulo cha Ferritic chosagwira kutentha chimakhala ndi chromium yambiri, aluminiyamu, silicon ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zimapanga gawo limodzi la ferrite, lomwe lili ndi kukana kwa okosijeni komanso kukana kutentha kwa gasi, koma mphamvu zawo za kutentha ndizochepa, kutentha kwa firiji. chachikulu ndipo weldability ndi osauka. Monga 1Cr13SiAl, 1Cr25Si2, ndi zina zotero. Ferritic zitsulo zosagwira kutentha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zigawo zomwe zimanyamula katundu wochepa ndipo zimafuna kukana kutentha kwa okosijeni.
Kuchiza kutentha kwa ferritic zosagwira chitsulo castings nthawi zambiri kumatenga annealing kuti athetse nkhawa, ndiyeno kuziziritsa mofulumira (kuti adutse mofulumira brittle zone ya 400-500 ℃).
4. Austenitic Heat-resistant Cast Steel
Chitsulo cha Austenitic chosagwira kutentha chimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zopanga austenite monga faifi tambala, manganese, nayitrogeni, ndi zina zotero, pa kutentha pamwamba pa 600 ° C, chimakhala ndi mphamvu zotentha kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kwapangidwe, ndi ntchito yabwino yowotcherera. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zopangira kutentha zomwe zimagwira ntchito pamwamba pa 600 ° C. Magiredi ofanana ndi 1Cr18Ni9Ti (321), 1Cr23Ni13 (309), 0Cr25Ni20 (310S), 1Cr25Ni20Si2 (314), 2Cr20Mn9Ni2Si2N, 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo, ndi zina zotero.
Chitsulo cha Austenitic anti-oxidation chingathe kuthandizidwa ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kwapamwamba kuti mupeze mapindikidwe abwino ozizira. Chitsulo cha Austenitic chotentha champhamvu chimayamba kuthandizidwa ndi chithandizo cha kutentha kwapamwamba, ndiyeno chithandizo chaukalamba chimachitika pa 60-100 ℃ kuposa kutentha kwa ntchito kuti kukhazikike ndikuwongolera gawo lachiwiri kulimbitsa masanjidwewo.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zitsulo Zolimbana ndi Kutentha
Chitsulo chosagwira kutentha nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zigawo ndi zigawo zomwe zimagwira ntchito kutentha kwambiri m'mafakitale monga ma boilers, makina opangira nthunzi, makina opangira magetsi, ng'anjo zamafakitale, ndi mafakitale a ndege ndi petrochemical. Kuphatikiza pa mphamvu zotentha kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri, mbalizi zimafunanso kulimba kokwanira, kugwirira ntchito bwino komanso kutsekemera, komanso kukhazikika kwadongosolo malinga ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Magulu Ena Azitsulo Zolimbana ndi Kutentha kwa Aloyi ndi Ntchito Zawo | |
| Gulu lachitsulo | Kutentha Kwambiri ndi Ntchito |
| 00Cr12 | Kutentha kwa anti-oxidation 600 ~ 700 ℃, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kutentha kwambiri, thupi lamagetsi lamagetsi, chowotcha |
| 0Cr13Al | Ntchito kutentha osiyanasiyana 700 ~ 800 ℃, mpweya turbine kompresa tsamba |
| 1Kr17 | Anti-oxidation pa kutentha pansi pa 900 ℃, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zigawo za kutentha kwambiri ndi ma nozzles a ng'anjo. |
| 1Kr12 | Kukana kwa okosijeni komanso kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa 600 ~ 700 ℃ ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zotentha kwambiri za masamba a turbine, ma nozzles, ndi ma valve oyaka moto. |
| 1Kr13 | Kutentha kwa oxidation kukana ndi 700 ~ 800 ℃, ndipo ntchito yake ndi yofanana ndi chitsulo cha 1Cr12 |
| 0Cr18Ni9,1Cr18Ni9Ti | Kutentha kwa anti-oxidation pansi pa 870 ℃, kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitoliro chotenthetsera pamwamba, kutentha kwa ng'anjo, chotenthetsera kutentha, ng'anjo yamoto, chosinthira, nozzle. |
| 0Cr18Ni10Ti, 0Cr18Ni11Nb | Ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri kutentha ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni mu kutentha osiyanasiyana 400 ~ 900 ℃, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito zovekera chitoliro amene ntchito kutentha ndi pansi 850 ℃ |
| 0Cr23Ni13 | Kutentha kwa anti-oxidation mpaka 980 ℃, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyatsira moto chubu, tsamba la turbine, kutentha kwa ng'anjo, chipangizo chosinthira methane, chipangizo cholekanitsa kutentha kwambiri. |
| 0Cr25Ni20 | Kutentha kwa anti-oxidation mpaka 1035 ℃, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsera mbali za ng'anjo; mbali mpweya kufala dongosolo ndi kutentha ntchito pansi pa 950 ℃ |
| 0Cr17Ni12Mo2, 0Cr19Ni13Mo2 | Kutentha kwa anti-oxidation sikutsika kuposa 870 ℃, kutentha kogwira ntchito ndi 600 ~ 750 ℃, machubu osinthira kutentha ndi zopangira ng'anjo yamakampani opanga mankhwala ndi kuyenga mafuta. |
| 0Cr17Ni7Al | Kutentha kwakukulu konyamula katundu ndi kutentha kwa ntchito pansi pa 550 ℃ |
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-10-2021